Diseases

Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome

Food Protein-Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES) is a severe systemic response to food protein that typically occurs 1 to 4 hours after the ingestion of the causative food and frequently develops in the first few years of life. In the severe form, patients will vomit until dehydration and until a shock-like state, which occurs in 15% of patients. FPIES occurs primarily in young infants, but can exist in older children and adults.

Forbes Albright syndrome

Forbes-Albright syndrome: A rare condition where a hormone secreting pituitary or hypothalamic tumor causes galactorrhea and amenorrhea.

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS)

Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is a rare and acquired speech disorder. In many cases, it is caused by a Stroke. Damage to the brain affects the rhythm and melody of speech. If you have FAS, you adopt what sounds like a foreign accent, even though you may never have traveled to that particular country.

Forestier’s disease

Forestier disease: A form of degenerative arthritis characteristically associated with flowing calcification along the sides of the vertebrae of the spine and commonly with inflammation (tendinitis) and calcification of the tendons at their attachments points to bone

Formaldehyde poisoning

Formaldehyde is a nearly colorless gas with a pungent, irritating odor even at very low concentrations (below 1 ppm). Its vapors are flammable and explosive. Because the pure gas tends to polymerize, it is commonly used and stored in solution. Formalin, the aqueous solution of formaldehyde (30% to 50% formaldehyde), typically contains up to 15% methanol as a stabilizer.

Forney Robinson Pascoe syndrome

Forney Robinson Pascoe syndrome: A rare condition characterized by skeletal abnormalities, deafness and mitral regurgitation.

Fountain syndrome

Fountain Syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder involving mental retardation, sensorineural deafness, skeletal defects, coarse facial features and full lips.

Fowler Christmas Chapple syndrome

Fowler-Christmas-Chapple syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by the association of polycystic ovaries with the abnormal functioning of the urinary valve.

Fox-Fordyce disease

Fox-Fordyce disease is a rare skin disorder that occurs mainly in women between the ages of 13 and 35 years. However, it sometimes affects males and children. The condition is also referred to as ‘apocrine duct occlusion’ and ‘sweat retention disease’. The condition is characterised by the development of itchy bumps around the hair follicles of the underarm area, pubic region, and/or around the nipples. It results from inflammation of the aprocrine sweat glands, which are found only in these areas.

FOXG1 syndrome

FOXG1 syndrome is a condition characterized by impaired development and structural brain abnormalities. Affected infants are small at birth, and their heads grow more slowly than normal, leading to an unusually small head size (microcephaly) by early childhood. The condition is associated with a particular pattern of brain malformations that includes a thin or underdeveloped connection between the right and left halves of the brain (a structure called the corpus callosum), reduced folds and grooves (gyri) on the surface of the brain, and a smaller than usual amount of brain tissue known as white matter.

FOXG1 syndrome was previously described as a congenital variant of Rett syndrome, which is a similar disorder of brain development. Both disorders are characterized by impaired development, intellectual disability, and problems with communication and language. However, Rett syndrome is diagnosed almost exclusively in females, while FOXG1 syndrome affects both males and females. Rett syndrome also involves a period of apparently normal early development that does not occur in FOXG1 syndrome. Because of these differences, physicians and researchers now usually consider FOXG1 syndrome to be distinct from Rett syndrome.

Fragile X syndrome

Fragile X syndrome, or Martin-Bell syndrome, is a genetic syndrome which results in a spectrum of characteristic physical, intellectual, emotional and behavioural features which range from severe to mild in manifestation. Fragile X syndrome (also called FXS) is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. It is also the most common known cause of autism.  It affects about 1 in 4000 males and 1 in 8000 females.

There are four generally accepted forms of Fragile X syndrome which relate to the length of the repeated CGG sequence:

Normal (29-31 CGG repeats), Premutation (55-200 CGG repeats), Full Mutation (more than 200 CGG repeats), and Intermediate or Gray Zone Alleles (40 - 60 repeats).

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome

Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) is a late onset neurodegenerative disorder associated with problems with movement, memory, and the autonomic nervous system. Though it also involves the fragile X gene, fragile X syndrome is a much different clinical syndrome.

FXTAS can present with many of the same symptoms of multiple system atrophy, and often includes parkinsonism, dysautonomia, peripheral neuropathy, and dementia. It is caused by a trinucleotide repeat disorder in the fragile X mental retardation 1 gene, FMR1. It most often occurs in men, but can present in women. There is no cure for FXTAS, but several of the symptoms can be made better with medication.

Fragoso Cid Garcia Hernandez syndrome

Fragoso cid garcia hernandez syndrome (medical condition): A rare congenital disorder characterized by abnormal fusion of two or more vertebrae in the neck (Klippel Feil syndrome) as well as larynx and voice box abnormalities.

Franceschini Vardeu Guala syndrome

Franceschini-Vardeu-Guala syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by premature puberty, lower lip pits and Kabuki syndrome. Kabuki syndrome is a mental retardation syndrome which also involves a range of physical abnormalities.

Francois dyscephalic syndrome

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome (also known as the François Dyscephalic Syndrome, Hallermann-Streiff-François syndrome, Oculomandibulodyscephaly with hypotrichosis and Oculomandibulofacial syndrome) is a congenital disorder that affects growth, cranial development, hair growth and dental development. There are fewer than 200 people with the syndrome worldwide.[citation needed] An organisation supporting people with the Hallermann Streiff Syndrome is the Germany based "Schattenkinder e.V.

Franek Bocker kahlen syndrome

Franek-Bocker-Kahlen syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small head, brain defect, spasticity and high sodium level

Frank Ter Haar syndrome

Frank-Ter Haar syndrome: A rare genetic bone disorder characterized by skeletal abnormalities, enlarged corneas and characteristic facial abnormalities

Fraser Jequier Chen syndrome

Fraser-Jequier-Chen syndrome: A very rare disorder characterized by a cleft epiglottis and larynx, extra fingers and toes and kidney, pancreatic and bone abnormalities. The internal organs are also located on the opposite side of the body to normal (situs inversus totalis).

Fraser like syndrome

Fraser-like syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by fused eyelids, airway anomalies, cysts in the ovaries and finger and toe abnormalities.

Fraser syndrome

Fraser syndrome (FS) was recognised as a clinical entity and named after George Fraser, who described two sibships with physical findings of CO, syndactyly, genital anomalies, laryngeal stenosis, ear malformations, and renal abnormalities.

Fraser syndrome, also called cryptophthalmos with other malformations, is a rare non-sex linked (autosomal) recessive genetic disorder that primarily affects the eyes.

Frasier syndrome

Frasier syndrome: A rare syndrome involving kidney disease and male pseudohermaphrodism (genetic male with some female sex organs). Kidney failure can occur as early as adolescence

FRAXE syndrome

FRAXE syndrome (medical condition): A rare syndrome involving kidney disease and male pseudohermaphrodism (genetic male with some female sex organs)

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome (FSS), also termed distal arthrogryposis type 2A (DA2A), craniocarpotarsal dysplasia (or dystrophy), or whistling-face syndrome, was originally described by Freeman and Sheldon in 1938. Freeman-Sheldon syndrome is a rare form of multiple congenital contracture (MCC) syndromes (arthrogryposes) and is the most severe form of distal arthrogryposis (DA)

Freiberg’s disease

Understanding Freiberg's disease requires knowledge of the ossification process in the metatarsal bones of the feet. Each of the metatarsals are ossified from two centers; metatarsals 2 through 5 have one center for the body of the metatarsal and another for the head; the first metatarsal has one center for the body and one for its base. Ossification begins in the center of the body during the ninth week of life. The center for the base of the first metatarsal appears in the third year of life; the centers for the other metatarsal heads appear between the fifth and eighth year of life. Throughout adolescence, the epiphysis and metaphysic are separated by a narrow epiphyseal plate. The epiphysis ossifies to the metaphysic between 18 and 20 years of age.