Diseases

Fibrosing alveolitis

The lungs are found in the chest, on either side of the heart, beneath the protective rib cage. They are made up of a series of branching tubes (the bronchi) leading all the way down from the main windpipe (trachea) to the system of air sacs (alveoli). This is where the exchange of gases takes place. In the alveoli oxygen is absorbed from the breathed air, through their walls into the bloodstream. Normally the lungs are able to expand and shrink with breathing, enabling air to be drawn in and out. Fibrosing alveolitis (FA) is a condition in which these walls of the lung tissues become thickened. This thickening impairs the ability of the lungs to expand, with the result that less air can be breathed in. This results in less absorption of oxygen into the bloodstream and leads to breathlessness

Fibrous dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia is a bone disorder in which scar-like (fibrous) tissue develops in place of normal bone. As the bone grows, the softer, fibrous tissue expands, weakening the bone. Fibrous dysplasia can cause the affected bone to deform and become brittle. Mild cases of fibrous dysplasia usually cause no signs or symptoms. More serious cases may result in bone pain and deformity, which usually develop before age 15.

Fibrous dysplasia of bone

Fibrous dysplasia is a bone disease that destroys and replaces normal bone with fibrous bone tissue. One or more bones can be affected.

Fibula aplasia complex brachydactyly

Fibula aplasia complex - brachydactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short fingers small or absent fibula (calf bone) and other bone abnormalities.

Fibular aplasia

Fibular aplasia - ectrodactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by various bone abnormalities involving the arms and feet.

Fibular aplasia ectrodactyly

Fibular aplasia - ectrodactyly: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by various bone abnormalities involving the arms and feet.

Fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly

Fibular hypoplasia and complex brachydactyly (medical condition): A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by short fingers small or absent fibula (calf bone) and other bone abnormalities.

Filariasis

Filariasis (Philariasis) is a parasitic and infectious tropical disease, that is caused by thread-like filarial nematode worms. There are 9 known filarial nematodes which use humans as the definitive host. These are divided into 3 groups according to the niche within the body that they occupy: Lymphatic Filariasis, Subcutaneous Filariasis, and Serous Cavity Filariasis. Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by the worms Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These worms occupy the lymphatic system, including the lymph nodes, and in chronic cases these worms lead to the disease Elephantiasis. Subcutaneous Filariasis is caused by Loa loa (the African eye worm), Mansonella streptocerca, Onchocerca volvulus, and Dracunculus medinensis (the guinea worm). These worms occupy the subcutaneous layer of our skin, our fat layer. Serous Cavity Filariasis is caused by the worms Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi, which occupy the serous cavity of the abdomen. In all cases, the transmitting vectors are either blood sucking insects (fly or mosquito) or Copepod crustaceans in the case of Dracunculus medinensis.

Fine-Lubinsky syndrome

Fine-Lubinsky syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short head, deafness, cataracts and mental retardation.

Finnish lethal neonatal metabolic syndrome

Finnish lethal neonatal metabolic syndrome: A very rare lethal metabolic disorder characterized by a deficiency of complex III which causes brain, kidney and liver problems and ultimately results in early death.

Finnish type amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a clinical disorder caused by extracellular deposition of insoluble abnormal fibrils that injure tissue. The fibrils are formed by the aggregation of misfolded, normally soluble proteins. In humans, about 23 different unrelated proteins are known to form amyloid fibrils in vivo. All types of amyloid consist of a major fibrillar protein that defines the type of amyloid (approximately 90%) plus various minor components.

Finucane Kurtz Scott syndrome

Finucane kurtz scott syndrome (medical condition): A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hearing loss, unusual face and bone development abnormalities.

Fish-eye disease

Fish-eye disease: A familial disorder involving corneal opacities and low HDL cholesterol levels. It occurs as a result of an enzyme (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) deficiency.

Fissured tongue

Fissured tongue is also known as ‘scrotal tongue’ or ‘lingua plicata’. It is a benign condition characterised by one or more shallow or deep grooves or furrows (fissures) on the top surface of the tongue.

Fistulous vegetative verrucous hydradenoma

Fistulous vegetative verrucous hydradenoma: A rare benign tumor-like skin growth that arises from sweat glands. The disorder may present as a hairless patch on the scalp or a skin nodule on the trunk. The disorder may be present at birth or may occur during infancy, puberty or adulthood.

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) named after the two physicians, Fitz-Hugh and Curtis who first reported this condition in 1934 and 1930 respectively.

Fitzsimmons Walson Mellor syndrome

Fitzsimmons-Walson-Mellor syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by spastic paraplegia, progressive kidney disease and deafness.

Fitzsimmons-Guilbert syndrome

Fitzsimmons-Guilbert syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by paraplegia, short fingers and bone abnormalities.

Fitzsimmons-McLachlan-Gilbert syndrome

Fitzsimmons-McLachlan-Gilbert syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation paraplegia and thickened coarse skin on palms and soles

Flaujeac factor deficiency

Flaujeac trait is the functional deficiency of a plasma protein of the intrinsic coagulation, kinin-forming, and plasma fibrinolytic pathways. The Flaujeac factor in man has been isolated and tentatively identified as a kininogen of high molecular weight (HMW). Highly purified bovine HMW-kininogen, but not bovine low molecular weight kininogen, repaired Flaujeac factor deficiency. The two subspecies of this molecule, HMW-kininogen a and HMW-kininogen b, also corrected Flaujeac factor deficiency. When bovine HMW-kininogen was incubated with bovine plasma kallikrein, kinin-free HMW-kininogen, bradykinin, and a glycopeptide fragment (peptide 1-2; 12,584 daltons) were rapidly released. None of these fragmentation products corrected Flaujeac factor deficiency alone or in mixtures. T

Flavimonas oryzihabitans

Flavimonas oryzihabitans (medical condition): A very rare bacterial infection that is most likely to occur in immunocompromised patients or through the use of catheters. Flavimonas oryzihabitans was previous known as Pseudomonas oryzihabitans.

Floating-harbor syndrome

A genetic condition characterized by the triad of short stature apparent at birth with significantly delayed bone age; expressive language delay, usually in the presence of normal motor development; and a triangular face with a prominent nose and deep-set eyes. Other features include posteriorly rotated ears, long eyelashes, thin lips, broad downturned mouth, short neck, low posterior hairline, celiac disease, joint laxity, curved fifth finger (clinodactyly), and hirsutism (hairiness).

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia

Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments. It is most common in African-American females. The three types are periapical cemental dysplasia (common in blacks), focal cemento-osseous dysplasia (caucasians), and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (blacks).

FLOTCH syndrome

FLOTCH syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by kidney stones, completely white nails and cysts that form in oil producing areas of skin.

Flynn Aird syndrome

Flynn-Aird syndrome: A rare inherited disorder where neurological degeneration causes symptoms such as dementia, ataxia, eye problems, skin disorders and muscle wasting.