Lopinavir/r Monotherapy Versus Abacavir/Lamivudine and Lopinavir/r for Limb Fat Recovery in Persons With Lipoatrophy

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Brief Title

Lopinavir/r Monotherapy Versus Abacavir/Lamivudine and Lopinavir/r for Limb Fat Recovery in Persons With Lipoatrophy

Official Title

A Phase IV-III Comparative, Randomized, Open-label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy for the Recovery of Peripheral Fat (or of the Extremities) of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Monotherapy Versus Abacavir/Lamivudine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir

Brief Summary

      The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy for the recovery of peripheral fat of
      lopinavir/ritonavir in monotherapy versus abacavir/lamivudine and lopinavir/ritonavir in
      subjects who developed lipoatrophy while receiving zidovudine plus lamivudine plus abacavir.
    

Detailed Description

      After more than ten years since it was started, it has already been established that
      highly-active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has caused a dramatic reduction in the
      morbidity and mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, HAART is
      not exempt of limitations, namely, its toxicity in the long-term; this is of special
      importance now that treatment of HIV is chronic.

      Most common HAART involves the use of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
      (nucleoside or nucleotide analogues, NRTIs) and either a protease inhibitor (PI) or a
      non-analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). However, there are other regimens that
      remove some of these families, such as those based on three NRTIs, ZDV+3TC+ABC.

      HAART has been associated with a constellation of major metabolic adverse events, such as fat
      redistribution (lipodystrophy, lipoatrophy, lipohypertrophy-central obesity - or both) and
      hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia).

      Lipoatrophy, specifically, occurs as a loss of subcutaneous fat mass in the upper and lower
      extremities, with the possible appearance of venomegaly in face and buttocks Lipoatrophy is
      particularly distressing not only for itself, but for its stigma component, affecting the
      quality of life and the psychological condition of the patient.This also has a direct impact
      on treatment compliance, that is reduced, and, therefore, at risk that the therapeutic
      regimen fails to be effective for resistances selection.

      Although initially most metabolic adverse events were attributed to PIs, in recent years it
      has been shown that lipoatrophy specifically is related more to therapy with NRTIs than with
      PIs; specifically, d4T, ddI and ZDV.

      One of the accepted strategies for the management of lipoatrophy in patients receiving
      therapy with ZDV is its replacement by other NRTI such as TDF or ABC, and consequently, a
      significant fat recovery is seen.

      In a study where therapy with ZDV was discontinued and continued with NNRTIs
      (lopinavir/ritonavir-LPV/r and nevirapine-NVP) therapy, fat recovery in the extremities
      seemed to be higher than in patients where ZDV was replaced by ABC.

      Lopinavir (ABT-378) is a potent protease inhibitor of HIV. The proven efficacy and safety of
      LPV/r-based HAART has led to its inclusion since 2003 in therapeutic guidelines as therapy of
      preferential start PI/r based.

      With regard to its relationship with lipoatrophy, recent data have shown that LPV/r has a low
      risk induction profile.

      In recent years data have been published on the use of LPV/r monotherapy: starting, and
      induction-maintenance after therapy with HAART with sustained undetectability for at least 6
      months.

      Given the aforementioned data, in those patients developing lipoatrophy while treated with
      ZDV+ABC+3TC, the approach of switching to a regimen in the absence of LPV/r-based nucleosides
      could be even more beneficial than just removing ZDV and maintaining them on a HAART
      containing LPV/r+ABC+3TC. Despite the fact that lipoatrophy associated with ABC/3TC is very
      low in treatment-naive patients, it has yet to be demonstrated that discontinuing even
      "benign" nucleosides could provide an additional benefit in patients that had already
      developed lipoatrophy.

      Accordingly, the working hypothesis for this study would be as follows: the recovery or
      reversion of lipoatrophy would increase in patients receiving LPV/r in monotherapy vs those
      switching to a classic LPV/r-based HAART. The absence of any nucleoside would then be
      beneficial for fat recovery in the extremities.
    

Study Phase

Phase 4

Study Type

Interventional


Primary Outcome

Absolute change in limb fat measured by DEXA at 48w

Secondary Outcome

 Absolute change in limb-fat measured by DEXA at 96 weeks

Condition

HIV Infection

Intervention

Monotherapy (Lopinavir/ritonavir)

Study Arms / Comparison Groups

 Monotherapy group
Description:  Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r).

Publications

* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by National Clinical Trials Identifier (NCT ID) in Medline.

Recruitment Information


Recruitment Status

Drug

Estimated Enrollment

88

Start Date

December 2008

Completion Date

September 2012

Primary Completion Date

June 2012

Eligibility Criteria

        Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Confirmation of the willingness of the patient to participate in this study after
             being informed on all the aspects of the trial that may influence their decision,
             signing and dating the written informed consent form approved by the Ethics Committee.

          -  The patient is 18 years of age or older.

          -  (Documented) HIV-1 infection.

          -  Receiving treatment with ZDV+3TC+ABC (in continuous antiretroviral treatment, without
             discontinuation periods, for the past 6 months).

          -  There is confirmation that during the 6 months prior to inclusion in the study the
             viral burdens were below 50 copies/mL.

          -  A viral burden below 50 copies/mL no more than 30 days before starting the study.

          -  No previous history of virological failure while on antiretroviral treatment with
             protease inhibitors (PIs). That is, they have never switched protease inhibitors for
             suspected or documented virological failure. The changes in protease inhibitor due
             solely to toxicity, simplification or optimization are acceptable.

          -  Clinical evidence of moderate to severe lipoatrophy (according to the case definition
             as scoring >- 2. For inclusion in the study, the subject should have moderate to
             severe lipoatrophy in at least one site, and defined by the physician.

          -  Absence of signs of acute disease.

          -  Patient has not been treated for an active opportunistic infection within the 30 days
             prior to the baseline visit.

          -  Patient with Karnofsky index >- 70.

          -  During the study, the patient does not require and agrees not to take any of the
             following drugs that are contraindicated with LPV/r: astemizole, terfenadine,
             midazolam, triazolam, cisapride, certain ergot derivatives (ergotamine,
             dihydroergotamine, ergonovine, methylergonovine), pimozide, propafenone, and
             flecainide. Rifampin, a potent enzyme inducer, should not be administered with the
             study medication due to the possibility of a significant decrease in LPV/r
             concentrations during concomitant administration, nor drugs contraindicated with 3TC
             and ABC that in principle should not be being taken, as they are part of the treatment
             at the screening.

          -  Patient agrees not to take any medication, including over-the-counter medicines,
             alcohol, drugs, or herbal preparations without the knowledge and approval of the
             principal investigator.

          -  Laboratory tests have been performed on the patients in the past 30 days:

          -  G/dL hemoglobin >8.0

          -  Absolute neutrophil count 750 cells/microl

          -  Platelet count 20,000/microl

          -  ALT or AST <5 x upper normal limit (UNL)

          -  Creatinine <1. 5 x UNL

          -  Triglycerides <750 mg/dL.

          -  For women, a negative result of a pregnancy test is available and they agree to use
             throughout the study a barrier contraceptive method of proven reliability in the
             investigator's opinion.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients with a history of virological failure on treatment with PIs; that is, that
             they have at some point switched to PIs for confirmed or documented virological
             failure.

          -  Patients with positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen.

          -  Patients requiring treatment with drugs where combination with LPV/r is
             contraindicated.

          -  Presence of active opportunistic disease or wasting syndrome or under antitumoral
             treatment with chemotherapy.

          -  Patients treated in the previous 16 weeks with agents susceptible to insulin
             (glitazones or metformin), anabolic steroids, growth hormone or any agent that could
             interfere with the study drugs.

          -  Active drug addiction or psychiatric disease that may prevent protocol compliance. Use
             of cannabis or being on methadone treatment are excepted, provided protocol compliance
             is not compromised in the investigator's opinion.

          -  Pregnant women or nursing mothers, and women of childbearing age if they do not agree
             to use a barrier contraceptive method throughout the study of proven reliability in
             the investigator's opinion.

          -  In the opinion of the principal investigator, the patient is unlikely to comply with
             the study protocol, or the patient is not eligible for any other reason.
      

Gender

All

Ages

18 Years - N/A

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Contacts

Jose Ignacio Bernardino, , 

Location Countries

Spain

Location Countries

Spain

Administrative Informations


NCT ID

NCT00865007

Organization ID

GESIDA-6008

Secondary IDs

2008-003748-12

Responsible Party

Sponsor

Study Sponsor

Fundacion SEIMC-GESIDA

Collaborators

 Abbott

Study Sponsor

Jose Ignacio Bernardino, Study Chair, Hospital La Paz


Verification Date

March 2013