Diseases

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is an inflammation of the bronchioles (bronchiolitis)and surrounding tissue in the lungs. BOOP is often caused by a pre-existing chronic inflammatory disease like rheumatoid arthritis. BOOP can also be a side effect of certain medicinal drugs, e.g. amiodarone. It is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), though some sources recommend using the latter term, to reduce confusion with bronchiolitis obliterans.[

Bronchiolitis obliterans with obstructive pulmonary disease

Bronchiolitis obliterans with obstructive pulmonary disease(BOOP, oblitrative bronchiolitis, constrictive bronchiolitis), is a rare condition involving the inflammation and thickening of the internal lung structures (bronchioles) which affects breathing. It can be triggered by certain infections, drug reactions or for no obvious reason. The condition often progresses to cause serious respiratory problems or even death though the rate of disease progression is variable.

Bronchogenic cyst

Congenital bronchogenic cyst: A rare birth condition characterized by the formation of a cyst in the middle of the chest, usually near the area where the trachea branches off. The condition may be asymptomatic but if the cyst is large enough it may cause problems by compressing nearby structures such as the trachea.

Bronchopulmonary amyloidosis

Bronchopulmonary amyloidosis: Amyloidosis is a rare group of metabolic disorders where a protein called amyloid accumulates in body organs and tissues where it can cause damage. In the bronchopulmonary form, the amyloid deposits occur mainly in the lungs.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD; formerly chronic lung disease of infancy) is a chronic lung disorder of infants and children first described in 1967. It is more common in infants with low birth weight and those who receive prolonged mechanical ventilation to treat respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). It results in significant morbidity and mortality. The definition of BPD has continued to evolve since then primarily due to changes in the population, such as more survivors at earlier gestational ages, and improved neonatal management including surfactant, antenatal glucocorticoid therapy, and less aggressive mechanical ventilation.

Currently the description of BPD includes the grading of its severity into mild, moderate and severe. This correlates with the infant's maturity, growth and overall severity of illness. The new system offers a better description of underlying pulmonary disease and its severity.

Brown syndrome

Brown Syndrome is a rare eye disorder characterized by defects and errors in eye movements. Some people may be born with this disorder, congenital, or the disorder may be developed because of a pre-existing disorder. Tendons and muscles surround the eye and control its movements. These tendons move the eye ball up and down, side to side, and allow the eyeball to move freely in its socket. Brown Syndrome is caused by malfunctions of the tendon sheath. The superior oblique tendon sheath surrounds the eyeball and when it is not working properly the patient will experience Brown Syndrome (Strabismus). What happens is the tendon is too short, long, thick, or inflamed. This effect causes the eye to move upward. Sometimes a Brown Syndrome patient will tilt their head and their chin will rise in order to feel comfortable. When this occurs their eyes roll into their original place and the person is able to see much more clearly. Brown Syndrome, in the United States of America, is found in every 1 to 400-450 strabismus cases.

Brown-Sequard syndrome

Brown-Sequard syndrome (BSS) is a rare neurological condition characterized by a lesion in the spinal cord which results in weakness or paralysis (hemiparaplegia) on one side of the body and a loss of sensation (hemianesthesia) on the opposite side. BSS may be caused by a spinal cord tumor, trauma (such as a puncture wound to the neck or back), ischemia (obstruction of a blood vessel), or infectious or inflammatory diseases such as tuberculosis, or multiple sclerosis

Brown-Vialetto-Van laere syndrome

Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere syndrome: A very rare progressive disorder characterized by nerve deafness and cranial (and sometimes spinal) nerve paralysis.

Brucellosis

Brucellosis, also called undulant fever, or Malta fever, is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unsterilized milk or meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. Brucella spp. are small, gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods, which function as facultative intracellular parasites that cause chronic disease, which usually persists for life. Brucellosis has been recognized in both animals and humans since the 19th century.

Bruck syndrome 1

Bruck syndrome 1: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by weak, brittle bones and abnormal knee, ankle and foot joints (congenital contractures) at birth.

Bruck syndrome- 2

Bruck syndrome, 2: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by limited joint extension (congenital contractures), weak fragile bones and webbed skin at elbows and knees.

Brugada syndrome

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disease that is characterised by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. It is named by the Spanish cardiologists Pedro Brugada and Josep Brugada. It is the major cause of sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS), also known as sudden adult death syndrome (SADS), and is the most common cause of sudden death in young men without known underlying cardiac disease in Thailand and Laos.

Although the ECG findings of Brugada syndrome were first reported among survivors of cardiac arrest in 1989, it was only in 1992 that the Brugada brothers[5]recognized it as a distinct clinical entity, causing sudden death by causing ventricular fibrillation (a lethal arrhythmia) in the heart.

Brunoni syndrome

A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, dwarfism and hair, nail, skin and teeth abnormalities

Bruton type agammaglobulinemia

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (also called X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, XLA, Bruton type agammaglobulinemia) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to fight infection (origin of the name: A=no, gammaglobulin=Antibody).

Bruyn Scheltens syndrome

More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome is available below. Symptoms of Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome click here

Budd-Chiari syndrome

Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare problem that results from blood clotting in the veins flowing out of the liver (hepatic veins). The high pressure of blood in these veins leads to an enlarged liver, and to an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, called ascites.

Buerger’s disease

Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. In Buerger's disease, your blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with blood clots (thrombi).

This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene. Buerger's disease usually first shows in your hands and feet and may eventually affect larger areas of your arms and legs.

Virtually everyone diagnosed with Buerger's disease smokes cigarettes or uses other forms of tobacco, such as chewing tobacco. Quitting all forms of tobacco is the only way to stop . For those who don't quit, amputation of all or part of a limb is sometimes necessary.

Bulbospinal amyotrophy- X-linked

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedy's disease is an adult-onset motor neuronopathy caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the first exon of an androgen receptor gene. We report the case of a 66-year-old man, previously diagnosed with motor neuron disease (MND), who presented acute and reversible left vocal fold (dysphonia) and pharyngeal paresis, followed by a slowly progressive weakness and also bouts of weakness, wasting and fasciculation on tongue, masseter, face, pharyngeal, and some proximal more than distal upper limb muscles, associated to bilateral hand tremor and mild gynecomastia.

Bull Nixon syndrome

A congenital bone abnormality where the skull and vertebrae meet which can compress some of the brain structures and result in neurological abnormalities. The defect is often associated with other vertebral abnormalities. In severe cases, the cerebrospinal fluid flow may be obstructed which can cause fluid to build up inside the skull (hydrocephalus).

Bullous dystrophy macular type

Bullous dystrophy, macular type: A rare condition characterized by loss of scalp hair, increased skin pigmentation, small head, mental retardation, short stature and blisters. The blisters do not form necessarily on skin that has suffered trauma but occurs spontaneously.

Bullous Ichthyosis

Bullous Ichthyosis, also called bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (BIE) or epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK), is a rare genetic skin disorder affecting less than 1 in 100,000. It is characterised by blisters, skin fragility and ichthyosis (continual scaling of the skin).

Bullous pemphigoid

Bullous pemphigoid is an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters, more appropriately known as bullae, at the space between the skin layers epidermis and dermis. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, with the formation of anti-hemidesmosome antibodies.

Buntinx Lormans Martin syndrome

Buntinx-Lormans-Martin syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye anomalies and fusion of the forearm bones.

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Burkitt lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, a surgeon who first described the disease in 1956 while working in equatorial Africa

Burn-Mckeown syndrome

Burn-McKeown syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by choanal atresia (narrowing or blockage of nasal airway), deafness, heart defects and eye, ear and facial anomalies.

Burnett Schwartz Berberian syndrome

Burnett-Schwartz-Berberian syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by an inflammatory facial skin disorder and various congenital anomalies.

Burning mouth syndrome

Burning mouth syndrome causes chronic burning pain in your mouth. The pain from burning mouth syndrome may affect your tongue, gums, lips, inside of your cheeks, roof of your mouth, or widespread areas of your whole mouth. The pain can be severe, as if you scalded your mouth.

Burning mouth syndrome- Type 3

Burning mouth syndrome- Type 3: A rare condition where there is a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue. Type 3 describes mouth burning that comes and goes during the day and is often linked to anxiety and allergies (especially food additives)

Buruli ulcer

The Buruli ulcer (also known as the Bairnsdale ulcer) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The genus also includes the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively. The early stage of infection is characterised by a painless nodule, with non-pyogenic, necrotising lesions developing in the skin, and occasionally in adjacent bone, as the disease progresses . M. ulcerans secretes a lipid toxin, mycolactone, which functions as an immune suppressant, necrotising agent and activator of cellular apoptosis in mammalian tissues