Diseases

Chondrocalcinosis 2

A very rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive osteoarthritis. Joint damage is caused by deposits of crystals containing calcium.

Chondrodysplasia

Chondrodysplasia is a genetic deformation disorder which can result in crippling deformities. Often mislabeled as "dwarfism", this condition is actually presented as abnormally short and deformed limbs. In some dog breeds, such as dachshund and basset hound; these leg formations are "normal", and is controlled within the breed and an identical degree of impact.

Chondrodysplasia lethal recessive

Fibrochondrogenesis is a rare, neonatally lethal rhizomelic chondrodysplasia distinguished from other forms of lethal dwarfism by broad long-bone metaphyses, pear-shaped vertebral bodies, and by microscopic changes of cartilage with unique interwoven fibrous septa and fibroblastic dysplasia of chondrocytes. We report the second and third well-documented cases of this apparently autosomal recessive disorder and discuss the differential diagnosis.

Chondrodysplasia- acromesomelic- with genital anomalies

The acromesomelic dysplasias are disorders in which there is disproportionate shortening of skeletal elements, predominantly affecting the middle segments (forearms and forelegs) and distal segments (hands and feet) of the appendicular skeleton.

Chondrodystrophy

Chondrodystrophy (literally, "cartilage bad-nourishment") refers to a skeletal disorder caused by one of myriad genetic mutations that can affect the development of cartilage. It is a very general term, and is usually only used in the medical literature when a more precise description of the condition is not available.

Chondroectodermal dysplasia

Chondroectodermal dysplasia is an inherited disorder of bone growth that results in short stature (dwarfism). People with this condition have particularly short forearms and lower legs and short ribs. Ellis-van Creveld syndrome is also characterized by the presence of extra fingers and toes (polydactyly), unusually formed nails and teeth, and heart defects.

Chondroma (benign)

A chondroma is a benign cartilaginous tumor, which is encapsulated with a lobular growing pattern. Tumor cells (chondrocytes, cartilaginous cells) resemble normal cells and produce the cartilaginous matrix (amorphous, basophilic material). Characteristic features of this tumor include the vascular axes within the tumor, which make the distinction with normal hyaline cartilage.

Chondromalacia

Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP, Patello-femoral Pain Syndrome, or Runner's Knee) is a term for a large and disparate group of medical conditions that can cause pain in the front of the knee. It is common in young adults, especially soccer players, cyclists, rowers, tennis players, ballet dancers, horseback riders, volleyball players, and runners.

Chondromatosis (benign)

Benign cartilage growths that can occur in various parts of the body. Symptoms are determined by the size and exact location of the growth. For example, a spinal chondroma can result in compression of the spinal cord

Chondrosarcoma

A chondrosarcoma is a type of cancer of the bone. Chondrosarcoma is a cartilage-based tumor and is in a category of cancers called sarcomas. About 25% of primary bone cancers (meaning those which start in the bone) are chondrosarcomas. This disease can affect people or animals of any age, although it is more common among older people than among children.

Chordoma

Chordoma is a rare slow-growing malignant neoplasm thought to arise from cellular remnants of the notochord. The evidence for this is the location of the tumors (along the neuraxis), the similar immunohistochemical staining patterns, and the demonstration that notochordal cells are preferentially left behind in the clivus and sacrococcygeal regions when the remainder of the notochord regresses during fetal life.

Chorea familial benign

Choreiform movements are abrupt, irregular, and purposeless. They are quite brief, asymmetric, present at rest, and may persist during sleep. The term chorea is derived from the Greek word for dancing and was applied initially to epidemics of dancing mania in the Middle Ages, in which large numbers of people danced together for days.

Chorea minor

Sydenham's chorea is an acute but self-limited movement disorder that occurs most commonly in children between the ages of 5 and 15, and occasionally in pregnant women. It is closely associated with rheumatic fever following a throat infection. The disorder is named for Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689), an English doctor who first described it in 1686. Other names for Sydenham's chorea include simple chorea, chorea minor, acute chorea, rheumatic chorea, juvenile chorea, and St. Vitus' dance.

Chorioretinitis

Inflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye. It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa. Other noninfectious diseases such as sarcoidosis can cause abnormal deposits in the eye which can also result in inflammation.

Choroidal dystrophy central areolar

Central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD) is a rare inherited retinal disease which causes progressive profound loss of vision in patients during their 4th decade. We have identified a Northern Irish family with 19 affected individuals in three living generations.

Choroideremia

Choroideremia (CHD) is a rare X-linked recessive inherited disorder giving rise to retinal disease and eventual blindness, resulting from degeneration of the choriocapillaris of the choroid and of the retinal pigment epithelium of the retina. The disease results in progressive loss of vision, almost exclusively in males; in childhood, night blindness is the most common first symptom.[not verified in body] As the disease progresses, vision loss results, frequently starting as an irregular ring that gradually expands both in toward central vision and out toward the extreme periphery; progression continues throughout the individual's life, where both the rate of change and the degree of visual loss are variable among those affected, even within the same family.

Choroiditis

Inflammation of the part of the eye called the choroid (layer behind the retina). Usually only one eye is affected.

Choroiditis- serpiginous

A rare eye disorder where irregularly shaped (serpiginous) lesions form on the eye surface and may damage vision of the macula is damaged.

Christian Johnson Angenieta syndrome

Ophanet, a consortium of European partners, currently defines a condition rare when if affects 1 person per 2,000. They list Christian johnson angenieta syndrome as a "rare disease".

Christian syndrome

A rare recessively inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, arthrogryposis (joint contractures), cleft palate and various other abnormalities.

Chromomycosis

A chronic fungal infection that occurs in tropical areas. The skin lesions tend to persist for long periods of time and may become cancerous in some cases.

Chromophil renal cell carcinoma

A type of kidney tumor where the cells that make up the tumor take up dye readily during pathology testing. For more than two decades, chromophil (or papillary) renal cell carcinoma has been recognized as a possible distinct clinicopathologic subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the histologic criteria for its diagnosis and the clinical outcome are still debated.

Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma

A rare type of kidney tumor. The cells that make up the tumor tend to be clear and do not readily take up dye during pathology analysis. Metastasis often only occurs late in the course of the disease and surgical removal usually leads to a good prognosis.