Diseases

Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a form of pneumonia caused by the yeast-like fungus, Pneumocystis jirovecii. This species of fungus is specific to humans. It has not been shown to infect other animals while other species of Pneumocystis that parasitize other animals (all of which are mammals) have not been shown to infect humans.[1] The causal agent was originally described as a protozoan and spelled P. jiroveci and prior to then was classified as a form of Pneumocystis carinii, a name still in common usage.[2][3] These names are discussed below. As a result, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) has also been known as Pneumocystis jiroveci[i] pneumonia and as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, as is also explained below.[4][5][6] Confusion caused by the misapplication of the name P. carinii to all species of Pneumocystis may incorrectly suggest that the human pathogen could reside in other animals, including domesticated animals

Pneumocystosis

Pneumocystosis: Infection of the lung by a fungal organism called pneumocystis Carinii. The organism is found readily in most environments but generally does not affect healthy individuals. It occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised people such as AIDS sufferers or those undergoing chemotherapy.

Pneumonia- eosinophilic

Eosinophilic pneumonia (also called pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia syndrome) comprises a group of lung diseases in which eosinophils (a type of white blood cell) appear in increased numbers in the lungs and usually in the bloodstream

Pneumonic Plague

Pneumonic Plague (also known as Bubonic plague, Septicemic plague) is a zoonotic disease circulating mainly among small animals and their fleas. The bacteria Yersinia pestis can also infect humans. It is transmitted between animals and humans by the bite of infected fleas, direct contact, inhalation and rarely, ingestion of infective materials. Plague can be a very severe disease in people, with a case-fatality ratio of 30%-60% if left untreated.

 

Souce: PubMed Health

Podder-Tolmie syndrome

Podder-Tolmie syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by athtrogryposis, underdeveloped thumbs and meningoencephalocele.

POEMS syndrome

POEMS syndrome (also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome, Takatsuki disease, or PEP syndrome) is a rare medical syndrome named for its main clinically recognizable features: Polyneuropathy (peripheral nerve damage), Organomegaly (abnormal enlargement of organs), Endocrinopathy (damage to hormone-producing glands)/Edema, M-protein (an abnormal antibody) and Skin abnormalities (including hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis)

Poikiloderma of Kindler

Poikiloderma of Kindler: A rare disorder characterized by fragile skin which blisters easily even after a mild trauma as well as photosensitivity and striated skin pigmentation (diffuse poikiloderma striate.

Poikiloderma of Rothmund-Thomson

Poikiloderma of Rothmund-Thomson: A rare disease which causes sufferers to have a senile-like appearance with skin, growth, hair and eye abnormalities.

Poikilodermatomyositis mental retardation

Poikilodermatomyositis - mental retardation: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation , muscle inflammation and weakness and pigmentation abnormalities.

Pointer syndrome

Pointer syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, permanently flexed fingers, facial anomalies and feeding problems.

Poland syndrome

Poland syndrome (also Poland's syndrome, Poland's syndactyly, Poland sequence, and Poland's anomaly) is a rare birth defect characterized by underdevelopment or absence of the chest muscle (pectoralis) on one side of the body and (but not always) webbing of the fingers (cutaneous syndactyly) of the hand on the same side (ipsilateral hand) mostly common on the right side of body and found more in males than females. It is usually considered a unilateral condition. Some have claimed that the term can be applied in bilateral presentation, but others recommend using alternate terminology in those cases

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is an acute viral infectious disease spread from person to person, primarily via the fecal-oral route. The term derives from the Greek polio (πολίός), meaning "grey", myelon (µυελός), referring to the "spinal cord", and -itis, which denotes inflammation. Although around 90% of polio infections cause no symptoms at all, affected individuals can exhibit a range of symptoms if the virus enters the blood stream. In about 1% of cases the virus enters the central nervous system, preferentially infecting and destroying motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and acute flaccid paralysis. Different types of paralysis may occur, depending on the nerves involved. Spinal polio is the most common form, characterized by asymmetric paralysis that most often involves the legs. Bulbar polio leads to weakness of muscles innervated by cranial nerves. Bulbospinal polio is a combination of bulbar and spinal paralysis

Polyarteritis

Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare autoimmune disease (immune system attacking its own body) featuring spontaneous inflammation of the arteries (arteritis). Because arteries are involved, the disease can affect any organ of the body. The most common areas of involvement include the muscles, joints, intestines (bowels), nerves, kidneys, and skin. Poor function or pain in any of these organs can be a symptom. Poor blood supply to the bowels can cause abdominal pain, local bowel death, and bleeding. Fatigue, weight loss, and fever are common.

Polyarteritis nodosa

Polyarteritis nodosa(PAN), is a systemic vasculitis of small- or medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving renal and visceral vessels but sparing the pulmonary circulation. Infantile polyarteritis nodosa is restricted to infants. In polyarteritis nodosa, small aneurysms are strung like the beads of a rosary, therefore making "rosary sign" an important diagnostic feature of the vasculitis.

Polyarthritis

Polyarthritis is any type of arthritis which involves five or more joints — an inflammation of two, three or four joints is an oligoarthritis

Polyarthritis- systemic

Polyarthritis, systemic: A chronic inflammatory disease (usually autoimmune) that causes inflammation in multiple parts of the body and causes arthritis in five or more joints.

Polychondritis

Relapsing polychondritis is a condition where cartilage deteriorates. It is also known as Chronic atrophic polychondritis, Meyenburg-Altherr-Uehlinger syndrome, von Meyenburg's disease, Generalized chondromalacia, or Systemic chondromalacia.

Polycystic bone disease

Polycystic bone disease is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This means that Polycystic bone disease, or a subtype of Polycystic bone disease

Polycystic kidney disease- type 1

Polycystic kidney disease type 1, aslo known as autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. PKD 1 is an autosomal dominant form of the disease and differs from PKD 2 in that it is more severe and is caused by a mutation in a different gene

Polycystic kidney disease- type 2

Polycystic kidney disease, type 2: A rare condition where cysts in the kidney grow and cause the kidney to become larger and reduce it's ability to function. This adult form of the condition is milder than the infantile form.

Polycystic liver disease

Polycystic liver disease: A rare inherited disorder involving the formation of numerous cysts in the liver

Polycystic ovarian disease- familial

Polycystic ovarian disease, familial, also know as Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): A rare familial condition characterized by menstrual abnormalities, excessive growth of hair, obesity and infertility.

Polycythemia vera

Polycythemia is a neoplasm in which the bone marrow makes too many red blood cells. It may also result in the overproduction of white blood cells and platelets.

Most of the health concerns associated with polycythemia vera are caused by the blood being thicker as a result of the increased red blood cells. It is more common in the elderly and may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Common signs and symptoms include itching (pruritus), and severe burning pain in the hands or feet that is usually accompanied by a reddish or bluish coloration of the skin. Patients with polycythemia vera are more likely to have gouty arthritis. Treatment consists primarily of phlebotomy.

Polydactyly

Polydactyly is a condition in which a person has more than five fingers per hand or five toes per foot

Polydactyly alopecia seborrheic dermatitis

Polydactyly, or polydactylism, is the anatomical abnormality of having more than the usual number of digits on the hands or feet. It is a congenital abnormality, usually genetically inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. This article will concentrate mostly on polydactyly in humans; for a discussion of polydactyly in other animals, see the bottom of the article. In humans, it is usual to have five digits (four fingers and one thumb) on each hand, and five digits (toes) on each foot. Polydactyls have six or maybe even more digits on either their hands or feet, or both. The extra digits vary from small pieces of soft tissue to apparently complete digits. In Western societies, they are usually surgically removed during early life. The condition is reported in about 2 children in every thousand, although the frequency varies greatly from population to population. It is higher in some groups (e.g. the Pennsylvania Dutch in the United States) due to the founder effect. Historically, polydactyly has in some areas been considered an indication of witchcraft.