Radioiodine-resistant thyroid cancer

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Synonyms

RAI-R, radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer, RAI-R DTC,

Overview

Radioiodine-resistant (RAI-R) thyroid cancer, also known as radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC), occurs when thyroid cancer cells are unable to effectively uptake and utilize radioactive iodine in treatment. This resistance can lead to disease progression and potentially a poorer prognosis. RAI-R DTC is more common in older patients, those with advanced disease, and those with distant metastases. 

Causes

RAI resistance can arise from various factors, including gene mutations, failure of the thyroid cells to transport iodine, or interference with the tumor microenvironment. 

Diagnosis

RAI resistance is typically diagnosed based on clinical presentation and the presence or absence of RAI uptake in a post-therapy scan. 

Treatment

When RAI therapy is no longer effective, other treatment options, including targeted therapies, are considered.