Protein S deficiency
Overview
Congenital protein C or S deficiency is a lack of proteins C or S in the fluid part of the blood. The proteins are natural substances that help prevent blood clots
Symptoms
If you have this condition, you are more likely to develop blood clots. The symptoms are the same as for deep venous thrombosis, and include: * Pain or tenderness in the affected area * Redness or swelling in the affected area
Causes
Congenital protein C or S deficiency is an inherited disorder, which means it is passed down through families. Congenital means it is present at birth. The disorder causes abnormal blood clotting. About 1 out of every 300 people has one normal gene and one faulty gene for protein C deficiency. Protein S deficiency occurs in about 1 in 20,000 people.
Prevention
If your health care provider diagnoses you with this disorder, you should be careful to prevent clots from forming. This can occur when the blood moves slowly in the veins, such as from prolonged bed rest during an illness, surgery, or hospital stay.
Diagnosis
Laboratory tests will be done to check for proteins C and S. If you have this disorder, you will have a lack of protein C or S. Other tests that may be done include: * Bleeding time * Partial thromboplastin time * Prothrombin time * Thrombin time
Prognosis
The outcome is usually good with treatment, but symptoms may return.
Treatment
Blood-thinning drugs (heparin and warfarin) are used to treat and prevent blood clots.
Resources
Alternative Names : Congenital protein C or S deficiency; Protein C deficiency