Brucellosis, also called undulant fever, or Malta fever, is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unsterilized milk or meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. Brucella spp. are small, gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods, which function as facultative intracellular parasites that cause chronic disease, which usually persists for life. Brucellosis has been recognized in both animals and humans since the 19th century.
Bruck syndrome 1: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by weak, brittle bones and abnormal knee, ankle and foot joints (congenital contractures) at birth.
Bruck syndrome, 2: A very rare syndrome characterized primarily by limited joint extension (congenital contractures), weak fragile bones and webbed skin at elbows and knees.
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disease that is characterised by abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. It is named by the Spanish cardiologists Pedro Brugada and Josep Brugada. It is the major cause of sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS), also known as sudden adult death syndrome (SADS), and is the most common cause of sudden death in young men without known underlying cardiac disease in Thailand and Laos.
Although the ECG findings of Brugada syndrome were first reported among survivors of cardiac arrest in 1989, it was only in 1992 that the Brugada brothers[5]recognized it as a distinct clinical entity, causing sudden death by causing ventricular fibrillation (a lethal arrhythmia) in the heart.
A rare syndrome characterized mainly by skeletal abnormalities, dwarfism and hair, nail, skin and teeth abnormalities
X-linked agammaglobulinemia (also called X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia, XLA, Bruton type agammaglobulinemia) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder that affects the body's ability to fight infection (origin of the name: A=no, gammaglobulin=Antibody).
More detailed information about the symptoms, causes, and treatments of Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome is available below. Symptoms of Bruyn-Scheltens syndrome click here
Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare problem that results from blood clotting in the veins flowing out of the liver (hepatic veins). The high pressure of blood in these veins leads to an enlarged liver, and to an accumulation of fluid in the abdomen, called ascites.
Buerger's disease (thromboangiitis obliterans) is a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs. In Buerger's disease, your blood vessels become inflamed, swell and can become blocked with blood clots (thrombi).
This eventually damages or destroys skin tissues and may lead to infection and gangrene. Buerger's disease usually first shows in your hands and feet and may eventually affect larger areas of your arms and legs.
Virtually everyone diagnosed with Buerger's disease smokes cigarettes or uses other forms of tobacco, such as chewing tobacco. Quitting all forms of tobacco is the only way to stop . For those who don't quit, amputation of all or part of a limb is sometimes necessary.
X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy or Kennedy's disease is an adult-onset motor neuronopathy caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the first exon of an androgen receptor gene. We report the case of a 66-year-old man, previously diagnosed with motor neuron disease (MND), who presented acute and reversible left vocal fold (dysphonia) and pharyngeal paresis, followed by a slowly progressive weakness and also bouts of weakness, wasting and fasciculation on tongue, masseter, face, pharyngeal, and some proximal more than distal upper limb muscles, associated to bilateral hand tremor and mild gynecomastia.
A congenital bone abnormality where the skull and vertebrae meet which can compress some of the brain structures and result in neurological abnormalities. The defect is often associated with other vertebral abnormalities. In severe cases, the cerebrospinal fluid flow may be obstructed which can cause fluid to build up inside the skull (hydrocephalus).
Bullous dystrophy, macular type: A rare condition characterized by loss of scalp hair, increased skin pigmentation, small head, mental retardation, short stature and blisters. The blisters do not form necessarily on skin that has suffered trauma but occurs spontaneously.
Bullous Ichthyosis, also called bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma (BIE) or epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK), is a rare genetic skin disorder affecting less than 1 in 100,000. It is characterised by blisters, skin fragility and ichthyosis (continual scaling of the skin).
Bullous pemphigoid is an acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease, involving the formation of blisters, more appropriately known as bullae, at the space between the skin layers epidermis and dermis. It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction, with the formation of anti-hemidesmosome antibodies.
Buntinx-Lormans-Martin syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by eye anomalies and fusion of the forearm bones.
Burkitt lymphoma (or "Burkitt's tumor", or "Malignant lymphoma, Burkitt's type") is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes). It is named after Denis Parsons Burkitt, a surgeon who first described the disease in 1956 while working in equatorial Africa
Burn-McKeown syndrome: A rare genetic disorder characterized by choanal atresia (narrowing or blockage of nasal airway), deafness, heart defects and eye, ear and facial anomalies.
Burnett-Schwartz-Berberian syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized by an inflammatory facial skin disorder and various congenital anomalies.
Burning mouth syndrome causes chronic burning pain in your mouth. The pain from burning mouth syndrome may affect your tongue, gums, lips, inside of your cheeks, roof of your mouth, or widespread areas of your whole mouth. The pain can be severe, as if you scalded your mouth.
Burning mouth syndrome- Type 3: A rare condition where there is a burning sensation in the mouth and tongue. Type 3 describes mouth burning that comes and goes during the day and is often linked to anxiety and allergies (especially food additives)
The Buruli ulcer (also known as the Bairnsdale ulcer) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. The genus also includes the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy; Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae, respectively. The early stage of infection is characterised by a painless nodule, with non-pyogenic, necrotising lesions developing in the skin, and occasionally in adjacent bone, as the disease progresses . M. ulcerans secretes a lipid toxin, mycolactone, which functions as an immune suppressant, necrotising agent and activator of cellular apoptosis in mammalian tissues
Buschke Lowenstein Tumor (medical condition): A low grade wart-like tumor believed to be caused by HPV (human papilloma virus) infections. The tumor is occurs in the genital area and there is still some contention about whether the tumor is benign or borderline cancerous.
A rare skin disease characterised by a firm, flesh-coloured or slightly yellowish eruption distributed symmetrically on the trunk and extremities, and induration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Foci of dense bone seen on x-rays, particularly in the pelvis and extremities, are the principal symptoms of osteopoikilosis. It is a sequelae to some type of acute infectious process. Both sexes affected. Inheritance is autosomal dominant with high penetrance and variability of expression.
The Lujan-Fryns syndrome or X-linked mental retardation with marfanoid habitus syndrome is a syndromal X-linked form of mental retardation, affecting predominantly males. The prevalence is not known for the general population. The syndrome is associated with mild to moderate mental retardation, distinct facial dysmorphism (long narrow face, maxillary hypoplasia, small mandible and prominent forehead), tall marfanoid stature and long slender extremities, and behavioural problems. The genetic defect is not known
Butyrylcholinesterase deficiency (medical condition): A metabolic disorder involving an enzyme (butyrylcholinesterase) deficiency. It results in prolonged recovery from the effects of certain anesthetics such as succinylcholine and mivacurium which are muscle relaxants. The severity of the deficiency will determine the length of time taken to recover from anesthetic. In severe cases, patients can take more than 8 hours to recover.
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Byssinosis, also called "brown lung disease" or "Monday fever", is an occupational lung disease caused by exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated working environments.[1] It is not the cotton dust directly that causes the disease, it is endotoxins that come from the cell walls of gram negative bacteria that grow on the cotton that cause the disease. It commonly occurs in workers who are employed in yarn and fabric manufacture industries. Brown lung can ultimately result in narrowing of the trachea in the lungs, destruction of lung tissue and death from infection or respiratory failure.
C syndrome, also known as Opitz trigonocephaly syndrome, is characterized by trigonocephaly, severeintellectual disability, hypotonia, variable cardiac defects, redundant (extra folds of) skin, joint and limb abnormalities, and unusual facial features such as upslanted palpebral fissures (upward pointing outside corners of the eyes), epicanthal folds, depressed nasal bridge, and low-set, posteriorly rotated ears.