Vulvar cancer is a malignant, invasive growth in the vulva, or the outer portion of the female genitals. The disease accounts for only 0.6% of cancer diagnoses but 5% of gynecologic cancers in the United States. The labia majora are the most common site involved representing about 50% of all cases, followed by the labia minora. The clitoris and Bartholin glands may rarely be involved. Vulvar cancer is separate from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a superficial lesion of the epithelium that has not invaded the basement membrane—or a pre-cancer. VIN may progress to carcinoma-in-situ and, eventually, squamous cell cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, in 2014, there were about 4,850 new cases of vulvar cancer and 1,030 deaths from the disease. In the United States, five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer are around 70%.
The inflammation of the opening of the vagina
Waaler Aarskog syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hydrocephaly and upwardly displaced shoulder blade (Sprengel anomaly).
Waardenburg syndrome or Waardenburg-Klein syndrome is a rare genetic disorder most often characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation anomalies.
Type I Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by evidence of dystopia canthorum and the full symptomatology of the disease.
Waardenburg syndrome type 2: A hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder.
Waardenburg syndrome type 2A: A hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder
Waardenburg syndrome type 2B: A hereditary, autosomal dominant disorder.
Waardenburg syndrome, type 3: A rare syndrome involving deafness, pigmentation and musculoskeletal abnormalities
Type IV Waardenburg syndrome (Shah-Waardenburg syndrome) is the association of Waardenburg syndrome with congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease).4 Hirschsprung disease affects 1 neonate per 5 births.
WAGR syndrome is a disorder that affects many body systems and is named for its main features: Wilms tumor, anirida, genitourinary anomalies (such as undescended testicles or hypospadias in males, or internal genital or urinary anomalies in females), and intellectual disability (formerly referred to as mental retardation). A combination of two or more of these conditions is usually present in most individuals with WAGR syndrome.
Sporadic aniridia mutations may affect the WT1 region adjacent to the AN2 aniridia region, causing a kidney cancer called nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor). These patients often also have genitourinary abnormalities and intellectual disability (WAGR syndrome).
People with WAGR syndrome have a 45 to 60 percent chance of developing Wilms tumor, a rare form of kidney cancer. This type of cancer is most often diagnosed in children but is sometimes seen in adults.
Walbaum Titran Durieux Crepin syndrome: A syndrome characterised by multiple abnormalities.
Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a rare blood cell cancer characterized by an excess of abnormal white blood cells called lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow. This condition is classified as a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The abnormal cells have characteristics of both white blood cells (lymphocytes) called B cells and of more mature cells derived from B cells known as plasma cells. These abnormal cells produce excess amounts of IgM, a type of protein known as an immunoglobulin; the overproduction of this large protein is how the condition got its name ("macroglobulinemia").
Waldenström macroglobulinemia usually begins in a person's sixties and is a slow-growing (indolent) cancer. Some affected individuals have elevated levels of IgM and lymphoplasmacytic cells but no symptoms of the condition; in these cases, the disease is usually found incidentally by a blood test taken for another reason. These individuals are diagnosed with smoldering (or asymptomatic) Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It can be several years before this form of the condition progresses to the symptomatic form.
People with Waldenström macroglobulinemia have an increased risk of developing other cancers of the blood or other tissues.
Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), also called Waldmann's disease, is a disorder that causes protein to be lost from the intestines. In Waldmann's disease, the lymph vessels that supply the lining (lamina propria) of the small intestine are abnormally enlarged. This causes lymph (which contains protein) to leak into the intestine.
Walker Dyson syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by mental retardation, aniridia and vision problems.
Lateral medullary syndrome (also called Wallenberg's syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome) is a disease in which the patient has difficulty with swallowing or speaking or both owing to one or more patches of dead tissue (known as an infarct) caused by interrupted blood supply to parts of the brain.
Wallerian degeneration: A syndrome that is characterised by the degeneration of the peripheral nerve axon distal to its site of transection in the central nervous system.
Wandering spleen: A very rare birth defect where the structures (ligaments) that hold the spleen in position are absent or not developed properly which allows the spleen to move around in the abdominal cavity.
Warburg Sjo Fledelius syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by visual and neurological problems as well as microgenitalia.
Warburton Anyane Yeboa syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by the occurrence of aneuploidy that can be manifested as monosomies or trisomies
Warfarin syndrome (medical condition): Various physical and other abnormalities that can result from the use of the drug Warfarin during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Warm-reacting-antibody hemolytic anemia: A rare autoimmune condition where the body's defense system attacks and destroys red blood cells. The onset of the condition is triggered by temperatures 37ºC or lower. The severity of the disorder is variable.
Warman Mulliken Hayward syndrome is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). This means that Warman Mulliken Hayward syndrome, or a subtype of Warman Mulliken Hayward syndrome, affects less than 2, people in the US population. This syndrome is a form of craniosynostosis.
Warthin's tumor or Warthin tumour, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, is a type of benign tumor of the salivary glands.
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is a disease of the adrenal glands most commonly caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. The infection leads to massive hemorrhage into one or (usually) both adrenal glands.[1] It is characterized by overwhelming bacterial infection meningococcemia, low blood pressure and shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) with widespread purpura, and rapidly developing adrenocortical insufficiency.
Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of chronic gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anemia. The condition is associated with dilated small blood vessels in the antrum, or the last part of the stomach. It is also called watermelon stomach because streaky long red areas that are present in the stomach may resemble the markings on watermelon.
GAVE is associated with a number of conditions, including portal hypertension, chronic renal failure, and collagen vascular diseases, particularly scleroderma.
The endoscopic appearance of GAVE is similar to portal hypertensive gastropathy. GAVE is treated with treatment through the endoscope, including argon plasma coagulation and electrocautery. Other medical treatments have been tried and include estrogen and progesterone therapy and anti-fibrinolytic drugs such as tranexamic acid.
Watson syndrome (medical condition): A rare syndrome characterized by short stature, reduced intelligence, café au lait spots and narrowing of pulmonary valves.
WDHA syndrome (medical condition): A syndrome characterized by watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria.
Weaver Johnson syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by craniosynostosis and cleft lip.
A rare genetic syndrome characterized by a large mouth, unusual facial features, skeletal anomalies and other abnormalities. The disorder is similar to another genetic disorder called Weaver syndrome but tends to involve endocrinologic abnormalities as well.
