Diseases

VLCAD deficiency

A rare condition that is characterised by cardiomyopathy, fatty liver, skeletal myopathy, pericardial effusions, ventricular arrhythmias , and sudden death

Vocal cord dysfunction familial

A rare inherited disorder where the vocal cord closes while breathing in which causes breathing difficulty which can be severe in some cases. Mental retardation is also associated

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

A rare inherited disorder where the vocal cord closes while breathing in which causes breathing difficulty which can be severe in some cases. Mental retardation is also associated.

Vohwinkel syndrome

A rare condition where tight bands of thickened skin form around the base of fingers and toes and generally leads to self-amputation of the digit. Hearing loss is also associated with the condition.

Von Gierke disease

An inherited metabolic disorder where a deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase prevents glycogen being turned into glucose leading to a buildup of glycogen in the liver and kidneys.

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome

Von Hippel–Lindau syndrome (VHL, Von hippel-Lindau disease) is a disease which results from a mutation in the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p25.3.

Von Willebrand disease

Von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process. People with this disease often experience bruising, nosebleeds, and prolonged bleeding or oozing following an injury, affer surgery, or having a tooth pulled. Affected women may have heavy menstrual bleeding. In severe cases, heavy bleeding occurs after minor injury or even in the absence of injury.

It is divided into three types. Type 1 is the mildest and most common, and type 3 is the most severe and rarest form. Type 2 (four subtypes) is intermediate in severity. Increased age, pregnancy, exercise, and stress may cause von Willebrand factor levels in the blood to rise, which can make bleeding symptoms less frequent. This disease is caused by a mutation in the VWF gene and can have different inheritance patterns. Treatment varies according to the severity of the disease and includes plasma-derived clotting factor concentrates and other medications.

Vulvar cancer

Vulvar cancer is a malignant, invasive growth in the vulva, or the outer portion of the female genitals. The disease accounts for only 0.6% of cancer diagnoses but 5% of gynecologic cancers in the United States. The labia majora are the most common site involved representing about 50% of all cases, followed by the labia minora. The clitoris and Bartholin glands may rarely be involved. Vulvar cancer is separate from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), a superficial lesion of the epithelium that has not invaded the basement membrane—or a pre-cancer. VIN may progress to carcinoma-in-situ and, eventually, squamous cell cancer.

According to the American Cancer Society, in 2014, there were about 4,850 new cases of vulvar cancer and 1,030 deaths from the disease. In the United States, five-year survival rates for vulvar cancer are around 70%.

Waaler Aarskog syndrome

Waaler Aarskog syndrome: A rare syndrome characterized mainly by hydrocephaly and upwardly displaced shoulder blade (Sprengel anomaly).

Waardenburg syndrome

Waardenburg syndrome or Waardenburg-Klein syndrome is a rare genetic disorder most often characterized by varying degrees of deafness, minor defects in structures arising from the neural crest, and pigmentation anomalies.

Waardenburg syndrome type 1

Type I Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by evidence of dystopia canthorum and the full symptomatology of the disease.

Waardenburg syndrome type 3

Waardenburg syndrome, type 3: A rare syndrome involving deafness, pigmentation and musculoskeletal abnormalities

Waardenburg syndrome- type 4

Type IV Waardenburg syndrome (Shah-Waardenburg syndrome) is the association of Waardenburg syndrome with congenital aganglionic megacolon (Hirschsprung disease).4 Hirschsprung disease affects 1 neonate per 5 births.

WAGR syndrome

WAGR syndrome is a disorder that affects many body systems and is named for its main features: Wilms tumor, anirida, genitourinary anomalies (such as undescended testicles or hypospadias in males, or internal genital or urinary anomalies in females), and intellectual disability (formerly referred to as mental retardation). A combination of two or more of these conditions is usually present in most individuals with WAGR syndrome.

Sporadic aniridia mutations may affect the WT1 region adjacent to the AN2 aniridia region, causing a kidney cancer called nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor). These patients often also have genitourinary abnormalities and intellectual disability (WAGR syndrome).

People with WAGR syndrome have a 45 to 60 percent chance of developing Wilms tumor, a rare form of kidney cancer. This type of cancer is most often diagnosed in children but is sometimes seen in adults.

Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

Waldenström macroglobulinemia is a rare blood cell cancer characterized by an excess of abnormal white blood cells called lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow. This condition is classified as a lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The abnormal cells have characteristics of both white blood cells (lymphocytes) called B cells and of more mature cells derived from B cells known as plasma cells. These abnormal cells produce excess amounts of IgM, a type of protein known as an immunoglobulin; the overproduction of this large protein is how the condition got its name ("macroglobulinemia").

Waldenström macroglobulinemia usually begins in a person's sixties and is a slow-growing (indolent) cancer. Some affected individuals have elevated levels of IgM and lymphoplasmacytic cells but no symptoms of the condition; in these cases, the disease is usually found incidentally by a blood test taken for another reason. These individuals are diagnosed with smoldering (or asymptomatic) Waldenström macroglobulinemia. It can be several years before this form of the condition progresses to the symptomatic form.

People with Waldenström macroglobulinemia have an increased risk of developing other cancers of the blood or other tissues.

Waldmann disease

Primary intestinal lymphangiectasia (PIL), also called Waldmann's disease, is a disorder that causes protein to be lost from the intestines. In Waldmann's disease, the lymph vessels that supply the lining (lamina propria) of the small intestine are abnormally enlarged. This causes lymph (which contains protein) to leak into the intestine.

Walker Dyson syndrome

Walker Dyson syndrome: A syndrome that is characterised by mental retardation, aniridia and vision problems.

Wallenberg’s syndrome

Lateral medullary syndrome (also called Wallenberg's syndrome and posterior inferior cerebellar artery syndrome) is a disease in which the patient has difficulty with swallowing or speaking or both owing to one or more patches of dead tissue (known as an infarct) caused by interrupted blood supply to parts of the brain.