Diseases

Mickleson syndrome

Mickleson syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation and facial and skull anomalies.

Micrencephaly corpus callosum agenesis

The development of the corpus callosum depends on a large number of different cellular and molecular mechanisms. These include the formation of midline glial populations, and the expression of specific molecules required to guide callosal axons as they cross the midline. An additional mechanism used by callosal axons from neurons in the neocortex is to grow within the pathway formed by pioneering axons derived from neurons in the cingulate cortex. Data in humans and in mice suggest the possibility that different mechanisms may regulate the development of the corpus callosum across its rostrocaudal and dorsoventral axes. The complex developmental processes required for formation of the corpus callosum may provide some insight into why such a large number of human congenital syndromes are associated with agenesis of this structure.

Micro syndrome

Micro syndrome: A rare, recessively inherited disorder characterized by intellectual impairment, small head, various eye problems, small genitals and abnormal brain development.

Microbrachycephaly ptosis cleft lip

Microbrachycephaly - ptosis - cleft lip: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a small, short head, droopy eyelids and a cleft lip.

Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism- type 1

Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, type 1: A form of dwarfism associated with brain and skeletal abnormalities. The clinical and radiological findings in a pair of sibs with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) are described, a boy who survived for 5 1/2 years and his more severely affected younger sister, who died at the age of 6 months. Neuropathological studies in this girl showed marked micrencephaly with severely hypoplastic, poorly gyrated frontal lobes and absent corpus callosum. Our observation supports the hypothesis that types I and III MOPD probably constitute a spectrum of one and the same entity and published data together with this report are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. The pathogenesis of this condition is as yet unknown, but its characteristics indicate a basic defect affecting cell proliferation and tissue differentiation.

Microcephalic primordial dwarfism

Primordial dwarfism is a rare form of dwarfism that results in a smaller body size in all stages of life beginning from before birth. More specifically, primordial dwarfism is a diagnostic category including specific types of profoundly proportionate dwarfism, in which individuals are extremely small for their age, even as a fetus. Most individuals with primordial dwarfism are not diagnosed until they are about 3 years of age. Medical professionals typically diagnose the fetus as being small for the gestational age, or as having intrauterine growth retardation when an ultrasound is conducted. Typically, people with primoridal dwarfism are born with very low birth weights. After birth, growth continues at a stunted rate, leaving individuals with primordial dwarfism perpetually years behind their peers in stature and in weight. Most cases of short stature are caused by skeletal or endocrine disorders. The five subtypes of primordial dwarfism are the most severe forms of the 200 types of dwarfism, and it is estimated that there are only 100 individuals in the world with the disorder. Other sources list the number of persons currently afflicted as high as 100 in North America.[citation needed] It is rare for individuals affected by primordial dwarfism to live past the age of 30. In the case of microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism (MOPD) type II there can be increased risk of vascular problems, which may cause premature death.

Microcephaly

Microcephaly describes a head size significantly below normal for a person's age and sex, based on standardized charts. Head size is measured as the distance around the top of the head.

Microcephaly autosomal dominant

Microcephaly, autosomal dominant: A very rare inherited disorder characterized mainly by a small head, short stature and other anomalies.

Microcephaly cardiomyopathy

In 1991, Winship et al1 described South African sibs, one male child aged 5 years and one female child aged 12 months, with a combination of microcephaly, dilated cardiomyopathy, and minor dysmorphic features. The cardiomyopathy had resolved in the older child by the age of 3 years, and had markedly improved in the younger child on treatment for associated cardiac failure. The microcephaly was severe, and both children showed severe global developmental delay. The dysmorphic features were described as cupping of the outer helix of both pinnae, fifth finger clinodactyly, and sandal gaps on both feet. The older sib had fine pigmentary stippling at the posterior poles and macula of the fundus on ophthalmological examination.

Microcephaly microcornea syndrome Seemanova type

A rare disorder characterized by spasticity, seizures, absent abdominal reflexes, small head and mental retardation.Microcephaly, microphthalmia, cataract, mental deficiency, spasticity hypogenitalism, and growth retardation are the principal clinical features.

Microcephaly micropenis convulsions

Wiedemann et al. (1985) described a rare syndrome characterised by microcephaly, psychomotor delay, short stature, short fingers and toes with stubby broad thumbs and halluces. Unilateral undescended testis, inguinal hernias, scrotal hypoplasia, and micropenis were also features. They described two males, first cousins, whose mothers and maternal grandfather had short broad thumbs and halluces. We report a male with identical features whose parents were normal. This is only the second report of this syndrome. Autosomal or X-linked dominant inheritance is most likely.