Mycoplasmal pneumonia
Overview
Mycoplasma pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae).
Symptoms
The symptoms are generally mild and appear over a period of 1 to 3 weeks. They may become more severe in some people. Common symptoms include the following:
- Headache
- Fever (may be high)
- Chills
- Excessive sweating
- Cough, usually dry, without phlegm or blood
- Chest pain
- Sore throat
Causes
M. pneumoniae is a common cause of mild pneumonia that usually affects people younger than 40. Various studies suggest that it causes 15-50% of all pneumonia in adults and an even higher percentage of pneumonia in school-aged children. People at highest risk for mycoplasma pneumonia include those living or working in crowded areas such as schools and homeless shelters, although many people who contract mycoplasma pneumonia have no identifiable risk factor.
Prevention
Infants and people in poor health, especially those with weakened immune systems due to HIV, organ transplants, or other conditions, should avoid contact with people with mycoplasma pneumonia.
Diagnosis
A physical examination may reveal enlarged lymph nodes and inflammation of the eardrum. An examination of the chest with a stethoscope (auscultation) reveals crackles.
These tests help confirm the diagnosis:
- Blood tests for antibodies to mycoplasma
- Sputum culture
- Chest x-ray
Prognosis
Most people recover completely even without antibiotics, although antibiotics may speed recovery. In untreated adults, cough and weakness can persist for up to a month.
Treatment
Antibiotics may be prescribed for more serious symptoms related to mycoplasma pneumonia. Home care includes rest and a high-protein diet with adequate fluids.