Diseases

Syndactyly

Syndactyly is the most common congenital malformation of the limbs, with an incidence of 1 in 2000-3000 live births. Syndactyly can be classified as simple when it involves soft tissues only and classified as complex when it involves the bone or nail of adjacent fingers. It is a shared feature of more than 28 syndromes, including Poland, Apert, and Holt-Oram syndromes. Syndactyly is a failure of differentiation in which the fingers fail to separate into individual appendages. This separation usually occurs during the sixth and eighth weeks of embryologic development. The root words of the term syndactyly are derived from the Greek words syn, meaning together, and dactyly, meaning fingers or digits.

Syndactyly Cenani Lenz type

Syndactyly, Cenani Lenz type: A rare birth defect syndrome characterized by various hand bone abnormalities.

Syndactyly type 5

Syndactyly type 5: A birth defect involving webbed fingers and toes - usually between 3rd and 4th fingers and 2nd and 3rd toes.

Syndactyly type I with microcephaly and mental retardation

Filippi syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that may be apparent at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by an unusual facial appearance, abnormalities of the fingers and toes, and mild to severe mental retardation.

Syndactyly- type 2

A birth defect involving webbing between the 3rd and 4th fingers as well as duplication of all or some of the fourth digit within the webbed tissue. The foot may also be involved with webbing between the 4th and 5th toe with an extra 5th toe in the webbed tissue.

Syndactyly- type 3

A hand deformity where the fourth and fifth fingers are joined together by a web of tissue. In some cases, some or all of the adjoining bones in the two fingers may also be fused.

Syndactyly- type v

A birth defect involving webbed fingers and toes - usually between 3rd and 4th fingers and 2nd and 3rd toes. There is also fusion of some of the long bones in the hand (metacarpals) and feet (metatarsals)

Syndactyly-polydactyly-ear lobe syndrome

A very rare syndrome characterized by webbing between the 1st and 2nd toes and extra little finger or part of the little finger. The earlobe also had a deep horizontal groove or a nodule. The big toe was also broad or duplicated.

Syngnathia cleft palate

A very rare syndrome characterized by the association of a cleft palate as well as the adhesion at birth of the upper and lower jaw by fibrous tissue.

Syngnathia multiple anomalies

A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by abnormal webbing inside the mouth, short stature, eye problems, mental retardation and small head, jaw, eyes and mouth.

Synovial osteochondromatosis

A rare joint disorder where some of the tissue that lines the joint is replaced by bone-like tissue or cartilage. Usually only one joint is affected and it tends to be the knee, elbow or hip.

Synovial sarcoma

A synovial sarcoma is a rare form of cancer which usually occurs near to the joints of the arm, neck or leg. It is one of the soft tissue sarcomas. It is one of the rarest forms of soft tissue cancer in the world.

The name "synovial sarcoma" was coined early in the 20th century, as some researchers thought that the microscopic similarity of some tumors to synovium, and its propensity to arise adjacent to joints, indicated a synovial origin; however, the actual cells from which the tumor develops are unknown and not necessarily synovial.

Primary synovial sarcomas are most common in the soft tissue near the large joints of the arm and leg but have been documented in most human tissues and organs, including the brain, prostate, and heart.

Synovial sarcoma occurs most commonly in the young, representing about 8% of all soft tissue sarcomas but about 15-20% of cases in adolescents and young adults. The peak of incidence is before the 30th birthday and males are affected more often than females (ratio around 1.2:1).

Synovitis

Synovitis is the inflammation of a synovial (joint-lining) membrane, usually painful, particularly on motion, and characterized by swelling, due to effusion (fluid collection) in a synovial sac.

Synovitis acne pustulosis hyperostosis osteitis

Syndrome consisting of synovitis, acne, palmoplantar pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO). The most common site of the disease is the upper anterior chest wall, characterized by predominantly osteosclerotic lesions, hyperostosis, and arthritis of the adjacent joints. The association of sterile inflammatory bone lesions and neutrophilic skin eruptions is indicative of this syndrome. Source - Diseases Database

Syphilis

A sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacteria (Treponema pallidum). The condition is often asymptomatic in the early stages but one or more sores may be present in the early stages. Untreated syphilis usually results in remission of visible symptoms but further severe damage may occur to internal organs and other body tissues which can result in death.

Syphilitic aseptic meningitis

Syphilitic aseptic meningitis is a complication of untreated syphilis that involves inflammation of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord. The condition is marked by changes in mental status and problems with nerve function.

Syphilitic myelopathy (tabes dorsalis)

Alternative Names: Tabes dorsalis. Syphilitic myelopathy is a complication of untreated syphilis that involves muscle weakness and abnormal sensations.

Syringobulbia

Syringobulbia: A neurological disorder that progresses slowly and is characterized by a fluid filled cavity in the spinal cord and brain stem.

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum

Syringocystadenoma papilliferum: A benign tumor that usually occurs on the face, neck or scalp. Malignancy and metastasis occurs very rarely. The tumor appears as a plaque, single bump or a row of bumps.

Syringomas natal teeth oligodontia

Syringomas - natal teeth - oligodontia: A very rare syndrome characterized by the presence of teeth at birth, missing teeth and a number of syringomas on the facial area. Syringomas are harmless tumors that form in sweat ducts.

Syringomyelia

Alternative Names: Syrinx Syringomyelia is damage to the spinal cord due to the formation of a fluid-filled area within the cord.

Systemic candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection and among the most common conditions seen in people with HIV. While candidiasis is a rather common condition in general, it's often the first illness and sign that HIV disease is progressing to a more severe stage. Candidiasis outbreaks can be frequent, can cause great discomfort and can add to the decline of health in HIV disease.

Systemic candidiasis is when Candida spreads throughout the body, and it can be life-threatening.

Systemic mastocytosis

Systemic mastocytosis, often termed systemic mast cell disease (SMCD), is a clonal disorder of the mast cell and its precursor cells. The clinical symptoms and signs of systemic mastocytosis (systemic mast cell disease) are due to the accumulation of these clonally derived mast cells in different tissues, including bone marrow, skin, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the liver, and the spleen.