Diseases

Optic atrophy 1

Optic atrophy type 1 (OPA1, or Kjer type optic atrophy) is characterized by bilateral and symmetric optic nerve pallor associated with insidious decrease in visual acuity usually between ages four and six years, visual field defects, and color vision defects. Visual impairment is usually moderate (6/10 to 2/10), but ranges from mild or even insignificant to severe (legal blindness with acuity

Optic atrophy 1 and deafness

A form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Deafness is also present and vision loss is usually mild. Some patients develop neurological symptoms later in life. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (3q28-q29)

Optic atrophy 2

An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Neurological symptoms are usually present and vision loss progresses very slowly. The disorder is caused by a genetic defect (Xp11.4-p11.21).

Optic atrophy 5

An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Vision loss was usually moderate. The eye disorder is caused by a genetic defect (22q12.1-q13.1).

Optic atrophy 6

An early onset form of progressive optic nerve dysfunction which results in impaired vision. Vision loss progresses very slowly. The eye disorder is caused by a genetic defect (8q21-q22)

Optic atrophy and cataract- autosomal dominant

A very rare, dominantly inherited disorder characterized mainly by progressive optic nerve dysfunction, cataracts and neurological symptom. The neurological symptoms are usually very mild or don't even occur

Optic nerve disorder

Any condition which impairs the function of the optic nerve. Examples of such conditions includes glaucoma , optic nerve inflammation and impaired blood supply to the optic nerve.

Optic pathway glioma

A type of tumor that arises in the optic nerve which sends messages from the eye to the brain. These tumors tend to occur mainly in children under the age of 10. The tumor may affect the hormone center of the brain and hence can affect such things as growth and weight.

Opticoacoustic nerve atrophy dementia

A rare genetic disorder characterized by degeneration of the optic nerve (causing impaired vision), deafness due to nerve damage and dementia due to calcification of the central nervous system.

Oral cancer

Oral cancer is any cancerous tissue growth located in the mouth. It may arise as a primary lesion originating in any of the oral tissues, by metastasis from a distant site of origin, or by extension from a neighboring anatomic structure, such as the nasal cavity or the maxillary sinus. Oral cancers may originate in any of the tissues of the mouth, and may be of varied histologic types: teratoma, adenocarcinoma derived from a major or minor salivary gland, lymphoma from tonsillar or other lymphoid tissue, or melanoma from the pigment producing cells of the oral mucosa.

Oral facial digital syndrome

A rare genetic disorder characterized by oral frenula, oral clefts, underdeveloped nose flaps and finger abnormalities.

Oral facial dyskinesia

The toxic neurological side effects of neuroleptic drugs that have been used long term

Oral leukoplakia

A mouth characterized by white spots or patches in the mucous membranes on the tongue and inside the mouth.

Oral lichen planus

Oral lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory condition affecting the lining of your mouth, usually resulting in characteristic lacy white patches. Oral lichen planus occurs most often on the inside of your cheeks but also can affect your gums, tongue, lips and other parts of your mouth. Oral lichen planus sometimes involves your throat or esophagus. While oral lichen planus usually begins during midlife, it can occur at any age. An initial episode of oral lichen planus may last for weeks or months. But unfortunately, oral lichen planus is usually a chronic condition and can last for many years. Although there's no cure, oral lichen planus can be managed with medications and home remedies.

Oral lichenoid lesions

A mouth condition where white lesions develop inside the mouth. Redness, blistering and ulceration may also occur. It is believed to be caused by an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks tissue inside the mouth. Sometimes the condition can be caused by allergies to metals in mouth appliances that are installed but it can also be caused by other forms of mechanical injury to the mouth such as cheek biting

Oral pharyngeal disorders

Disorders involving the mouth and back of throat area including the pharynx. The disorder may include cancers, structural abnormalities, fungal disease, infections and inflammation. The type and severity of symptoms varies greatly depending on the type of disorder

Oral squamous cell carcinoma

A type of cancer that develops in the mucosal lining (epithelium) of the mouth and can affect lips, tongue, palate and tonsillar area, floor of the mouth. This cancer type tends to progress further into pharynx and invade tissues nearby.

 

Source: National Cancer Institute, Merck Manuals

 

Oral submucous fibrosis

A rare disorder involving inflammation and progressive fibrosis of tissues inside the mouth. The condition starts with redness, blistering and ulceration inside the mouth that is eventually replaced with stiff fibrous tissue as it heals. The inside of the mouth can become stiff and hinder oral functions such as eating, speaking and even opening the mouth. Even the pharynx may occasionally be involved. The condition can become cancerous. The disorder is often associated with chewing betel nuts in Asian and Indian areas.

Oral-facial cleft

A birth defect involving an opening or cleft in the upper lip as well openings or clefts in the soft or hard palate (roof of the mouth).