Tibiae bowed radial anomalies osteopenia fracture
Overview
A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by fractures, bowed shin bones, abnormal forearm bone (radius) and reduced bone mass
Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of Tibiae bowed radial anomalies osteopenia fracture incude: * Reduced bone mass * Weak bones * Fractures * Bowed shin bone * Abnormal forearm (radius) bone
Diagnosis
A. Present illness. Is the patient complaining of anything relevant to osteopenia right now? Does the patient have pain and, if so, where is the pain? Has the patient fallen? What is happening in the patient’s life? B. Past medical history. Carefully question your female patients about their menstrual history, even if elderly, looking for evidence of reduced peak bone mass. Ask about periods of amenorrhea, pregnancy, and lactation; anorexia or other eating disorder; steroid history (e.g., asthma therapy). Also ask about oral contraceptives and hormones, thyroid medicine, diet doctors and diet pills (in the past such pills often contained thyroid extract), and past illnesses. C. Family history. A positive family history for osteopenia is associated with low BMD. Ask not just whether any family member had diagnosed osteopenia or osteoporosis, but ask whether grandma stooped over and whether grandpa broke his hip? Who in the family had broken bones? D. Habits. What is the patient’s diet? Does or did the patient smoke? How much? How long? How much caffeine does the patient take in? Does the patient now or ever did exercise? How far, how fast, how long, how often? Does the patient take calcium supplements? Antacids? Ask about daily calcium-containing foods. Does the patient always wear sunscreen or stay indoors? Is the patient taking Vitamin D? How much sun is in your area? In men, ask about symptoms of low testosterone. Get a detailed injury history. Ask about falling. E. Other information. Get a detailed medication history. Have the patient bring in all pills in the medicine closet, not just present medication. Obtain old medical records. Ask about the home situation. For example, safety: Are throw rugs used? Are handrails installed in the bathrooms?