Diseases

Epidemic encephalomyelitis

Avian encephalomyelitis is a viral disease of the central nervous system of chickens, pheasants, turkeys, and quail. It has a worldwide distribution. Morbidity 5-60% depending on the immune status of the majority of parents, mortality high. Vertical transmission is very important, transmission occurs over about 1-2 weeks, some lateral. The route of infection is transovarian with an incubation period of 1-7 days; lateral transmission is probably by the oral route, incubation >10 days. Virus in faeces may survive 4 weeks or more.

Epidermal Nevus Syndrome

Epidermal nevi (EN) are congenital hamartomas of embryonal ectodermal origin classified on the basis of their main component; the component may be sebaceous, apocrine, eccrine, follicular, or keratinocytic. An estimated one third of individuals with epidermal nevi have involvement of other organ systems; hence, this condition is considered to be an epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS). 

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1117506-overview

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (also called Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia), colloquially known as tree man illness is an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic hereditary skin disorder associated with a high risk of carcinoma of the skin. It is characterized by abnormal susceptibility to human papillomaviruses (HPVs) of the skin. The resulting uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules, particularly on the hands and feet. It is typically associated with HPV types 5 and 8, which are found in about 80 percent of the normal population as asymptomatic infections, although other types may also contribute.

The condition usually has an onset of between the ages of 1–20, but can occasionally present in middle-age. It is named after the physicians who first documented it, Felix Lewandowsky and Wilhelm Lutz.

Epidermoid carcinoma

* Squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the skin is the cancerous (i.e., malignant) transformation of the squamous cells (keratinocytes in skin), which normally cover the surface of the skin and other body parts (e.g., lungs, mouth, nose, throat) providing protection against outside forces (e.g., infections, injuries, sunlight). A malignant transformation means that these cancer cells are dividing rapidly without following the normal guidelines of cell division and maturation. Since the depletion of the ozone layer in the last century, harmful ultraviolet rays (UV) of the sun are passing through unfiltered, and are giving rise to more cases of skin cancer than ever before. SCC constitutes 20% of all skin cancers.
* Bowen’s Disease is subset of Actinic Keratosis or SCC in situ, appearing as a reddish skin patch. This is basically an early stage (in situ) SCC that has not spread beyond its point of origin. SCC almost always appears on the areas of the skin with the most exposure to sunlight such as the nose, lower lips, back of hands, forehead, neck, and ears. On rare occasions, there may be an appearance in the genital areas.

Epidermolysa bullosa simplex and limb girdle muscular dystrophy

Epidermolysa bullosa simplex and limb girdle muscular dystrophy: A rare syndrome involving fragile skin that blisters easily as well as muscle weakness and wasting in the head and limbs. The severity of the blistering and muscle weakness is variable with some sufferers dying during infancy.

Epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa is a group of rare diseases that cause the skin to blister. The blisters may appear in response to minor injury, heat, or friction from rubbing, scratching or adhesive tape. In severe cases, the blisters may occur inside the body, such as the lining of the mouth or intestines.

Most types of epidermolysis bullosa are inherited. The condition usually shows up in infancy or early childhood. Some people don't develop signs and symptoms until adolescence or early adulthood.

Epidermolysis bullosa has no cure, though mild forms may improve with age. Treatment focuses on addressing the symptoms — such as infection and itching — and preventing pain and wounds. Severe forms may cause serious complications and can be fatal.

There are four main types of epidermolysis bullosa:

  • Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
  • Epidermolysis bullosa simplex
  • Junctional epidermolysis bullosa
  • Kindler Syndrome

Identifying the exact type can be hard because there are many subtypes of EB. Within each type or subtype, a person may be mildly or severely affected. The disease can range from being a minor inconvenience to completely disabling, and fatal in some cases. Most types of EB are inherited. The inheritance pattern may be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. Management involves protecting the skin, reducing friction against the skin, and keeping the skin cool.

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is a chronic subepidermal blistering disease associated with autoimmunity to type VII collagen within anchoring fibril structures that are located at the dermoepidermal junction.

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica- Bart type

Epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Bart type: A rare inherited skin blistering disorder characterized by the development of blisters on the skin and mucous membranes as well as areas of missing skin at birth. Nail abnormalities are also present

Epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis- Dowling-Meara

Epidermolysis bullosa herpetiformis, Dowling-Meara: A rare inherited skin blistering disorder where blisters occur anywhere on the skin but particularly on the palms, soles, trunk, neck and around mouth. The blisters heal without scarring.

Epidermolysis bullosa intraepidermic

Epidermolysis bullosa intraepidermic: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by separation of the layers within the skin which results in fragile, blistered skin. The blisters usually heal without scarring and the skin that is most often placed under trauma (feet and hands) is the most affected.

Epidermolysis bullosa inversa dystrophica

Epidermolysis bullosa inversa dystrophica: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by fragile skin which blisters easily. The corneas, vulval and anal areas are involved as well as the trunk, neck, thighs and legs.

Epidermolysis bullosa letalis

EBL is one of several serious skin disorders with severe blistering of the skin. The infantile form identified in the Holmes County Amish may have its onset before birth with blisters forming in utero and therefore lesions are often present at birth. Most are on the limbs and trunk with relative sparing of the hands and feet. They rarely heal and instead the raw tissue beneath constantly seeps serum protein and electrolytes much like thermal burns do and there may significant loss of bodily fluids. The slightest touch may lead to sloughing of the superficial skin. Infection is a constant threat and these complications often lead to death within weeks to months.

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex- Cockayne-Touraine type

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Cockayne-Touraine type: A form of skin disease where fragile skin blisters if it suffers some sort of physical trauma. The blisters do not cause scarring and are exacerbated by warm weather.

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex- Koebner type

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Koebner type: A rare genetic skin blistering disorder where fragile skin blisters upon minor trauma. The blistering is widespread and can cause severe scarring which can affect growth.

Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia

Epidermolysis bullosa with pyloric atresia (medical condition): A rare inherited blistering skin disorder which also involves a defect where the digestive system is closed off in the pyloric area. Death generally occurs even if the defect is corrected

Epidermolysis bullosa- dermolytic

Epidermolysis bullosa, dermolytic: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by fragile skin which blisters easily due to defective skin collagen. The mucosal lining of the mouth and even intestines may be effected in severe cases.

Epidermolysis bullosa- generalized atrophic benign

Epidermolysis bullosa, generalized atrophic benign: A rare inherited skin disorder characterized by fragile skin which blisters easily and often results in scars after healing. The condition is generally quite mild compared to other skin disorders involving fragile blistering skin

Epidermolysis bullosa- junctional

Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional: A rare inherited skin disease which is characterized by fragile skin which readily forms skin blisters and can result in fatal complications.

Epidermolysis bullosa- junctional- with pyloric atrophy

Epidermolysis bullosa, junctional, with pyloric atrophy: A rare inherited skin disease which is characterized by fragile skin which readily forms skin blisters as well as obstruction of the passage from the stomach to the intestine (pylorus). Death usually occurs within weeks of birth

Epidermolysis bullosa- lethal acantholytic

Epidermolysis bullosa, lethal acantholytic: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by extremely fragile skin and mucous membranes which blisters and peels. The majority of the skin blisters and peels within a week of birth. Severe fluid loss and death follows soon after.

Epidermolysis bullosa- pretibial

Epidermolysis bullosa, pretibial: A rare genetic syndrome characterized by fragile skin which blisters easily due to defective skin collagen. The skin on the front of the shins is usually the main area affected in this form.

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder (neurological disorder) in which the nerve cell activity in your brain is disturbed, causing a seizure during which you experience abnormal behavior, symptoms and sensations, including loss of consciousness.

Seizure symptoms vary. Some people with epilepsy simply stare blankly for a few seconds during a seizure, while others repeatedly twitch their arms or legs.

About 1 in 100 people in the United States may have an unprovoked seizure once in life. However, a solitary seizure doesn't mean you have epilepsy. At least two unprovoked seizures are generally required for an epilepsy diagnosis.

Even mild seizures may require treatment because they can be dangerous during activities such as driving or swimming. Treatment, which generally includes medications or sometimes surgery, may eliminate or reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures. Some children with epilepsy even outgrow the condition with age.