Diseases

Collins Pope syndrome

Collins-Pope syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized by a dislocated hip, increased finger flexibility and facial anomalies.

Collins Sakati syndrome

Collins-Sakati syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a short, broad toe and a large head.

Colloid cysts of third ventricle

Colloid cysts of third ventricle: A rare type of benign brain tumor. In rare cases the tumor can obstruct the flow of fluid in the brain and cause hydrocephalus (buildup of fluid in the brain). Untreated hydrocephalus can lead to death.

Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia

Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia: A very rare syndrome characterized by an eye anomaly (gap in eye structures such as choroids and retina) and abnormal development of the midline structure of the brain (cerebellar vermis aplasia).

Coloboma hair abnormality

Coloboma - hair abnormality: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hair and eye abnormalities.

Coloboma of choroid and retina

Coloboma of choroid and retina: A hole in the choroids and retina which are two adjacent structures in the eye. The choroids lies between the retina (inner layer of eyeball) and sclera (outer layer of eyeball) and is responsible for providing nutrition and oxygen to the retina. The severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect.

Coloboma of eye lens

Coloboma of eye lens: A hole in the lens of the eye. The lens is involved in the focusing function of the eye. The defect may be inherited or caused by surgery or injury to the eye. The severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect.

Coloboma of iris

A coloboma (also part of the rare Cat eye syndrome) is a hole in one of the structures of the eye, such as the lens, eyelid, iris, retina, choroid or optic disc. The hole is present from birth and can be caused when a gap called the choroid fissure between two structures in the eye, which is present early in development in the uterus, fails to close up completely before a child is born. A coloboma can occur in one or both eyes.

Coloboma of lens ala nasi

Coloboma of lens ala nasi: A congenital anomaly involving the presence of a gap in the eye lens as well as a gap in the flaps of the nostrils - this gap is called a coloboma. The degree of vision impairment depends on the amount of absent eye lens tissue.

Coloboma of macula

Coloboma of macula: A hole in the eye structure called the macula which is located in the middle of the retina and is involved in functions such as reading. Severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect

Coloboma of optic nerve

Coloboma of optic nerve: A hole in the eye structure called the optic nerve which is responsible for sending visual information from the eye to the brain. Severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect.

Coloboma of optic papilla

Coloboma of optic papilla: A hole in the eye structure called the optic disc which is located at the head of the optic nerve. Severity of symptoms is determined by the size of the defect.

Coloboma porencephaly hydronephrosis

Coloboma porencephaly hydronephrosis: A rare syndrome characterized by the presence of a coloboma of the eye (absence of portion of the eye structure), kidney problems and a brain anomaly (porencephaly).

Colonic atresia

Colonic atresia is a condition that occurs during embryonic development in which the normal tubular shape of the colon in the fetus is unexpectedly closed. This congenital abnormality may be caused by incomplete development of the colon or the loss of blood flow during its development. Colonic atresia is rare and may occur with the more common small bowel atresia.

Colonic malakoplakia

Colonic malakoplakia: A rare form of inflammatory disease that occurs in the colon and occurs mainly in immunocompromised people. The severity of the disorder can vary from asymptomatic to intestinal obstruction and even death in rare cases.

Colorectal Cancer

The rectum is the portion of the large bowel that lies in the pelvis, terminating at the anus. Cancer of the rectum is the disease characterized by the development of malignant cells in the lining or epithelium of the rectum. Malignant cells have changed such that they lose normal control mechanisms governing growth. These cells may invade surrounding local tissue or they may spread throughout the body and invade other organ systems.

Colpocephaly

Colpocephaly: A rare brain malformation that is present at birth. The cavities present at the back of the brain are larger than normal as the brain tissue has failed to develop normally to fill some of the space. Severity of symptoms are variable depending on the degree of abnormality.

Colver Steer Godman syndrome

Colver-Steer-Godman syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by a rigid spine and heart muscle disease.

Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome

Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome: A rare disorder characterized by the association of glaucoma at birth with a form of ataxia.

Combined hyperlipidemia- familial

Combined hyperlipidemia, familial: An inherited condition characterized by high cholesterol or triglyceride levels which increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Common mesentery

The mesentery proper (i.e. the original definition) refers to the peritoneum responsible for connecting the jejunum and ileum, parts of the small intestine, to the back wall of the abdomen. Between the two sheets of peritoneum are blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allows these parts of the small intestine to move relatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity. The brain, however, cannot map sensation accurately, so sensation is usually referred to the midline, an example of referred pai

Common variable immunodeficiency

Common variable immune deficiency is a disorder that impairs the immune system. People with CVID are highly susceptible to infection from foreign invaders such as bacteria, or more rarely, viruses. CVID is characterized by low levels of most or all of the immunoglobulin (Ig) classes. This causes affected people to get frequent infections, particularly in the sinuses, lungs, ears and digestive tract. Pneumonia is common in people with CVID. Over time, recurrent infections can lead to chronic lung disease. Affected individuals may also experience infection or inflammation of the gastrointestinaltract, which can cause diarrhea and weight loss. Abnormal accumulation of immune cells causes enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) or an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) in some people with CVID. Immune cells can accumulate in other organs, forming small lumps called granulomas.

Approximately 25 percent of people with CVID have an autoimmune disorder, which occurs when the immune system malfunctions and attacks the body’s tissues and organs. The blood cells are most frequently affected by autoimmune attacks in CVID; the most commonly occurring autoimmune disorders are immune thrombocytopenia purpura, which is an abnormal bleeding disorder caused by a decrease in platelets, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which results in premature destruction of red blood cells. Other autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritiscan occur. Individuals with CVID also have a greater than normal risk of developing certain types of cancer, including a cancer of immune system cells called non-Hodgkin lymphoma and less frequently, stomach (gastric) cancer.

People with CVID may start experiencing signs and symptoms of the disorder anytime between childhood and adulthood; most people with CVID are diagnosed in their twenties or thirties. The life expectancy of individuals with CVID varies depending on the severity and frequency of illnesses they experience. Most people with CVID live into adulthood.

There are many different types of CVID that are distinguished by genetic cause. People with the same type of CVID may have varying signs and symptoms.

 

Compartment syndrome

Compartment Syndrome: Excessive bleeding or swelling following surgery or injury can result in increased pressure within a section of the arms, legs or buttocks. The increased pressure affects blood flow and can result in tissue death necessitating amputation, nerve damage or muscle damage. The condition can be chronic or acute which is a medical emergency

Complement component deficiency

Complement component deficiency: Complement components are a part of the immune defense system involved in destroying and removing invading pathogens such as bacteria. A deficiency of the complement components can affect the ability of the body's immune system to function properly. The disorder which can be partial or complete and may be inherited or acquired. The severity of the symptoms is determined by which complement component (there are at least 30 of them) is deficient and whether the deficiency is partial or complete