Diseases

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (often referred to as just postural tachycardia syndrome or POTS) is a condition of dysautonomia, and more specifically, orthostatic intolerance, in which a change from the supine position to an upright position causes an abnormally large increase in heart rate, called tachycardia. This is often, but not always, accompanied by a fall in blood pressure. Several studies show a decrease in cerebral blood flow with systolic and diastolic CBF velocity decreased 44 and 60%, respectively Patients with POTS have problems maintaining homeostasis when changing position, i.e. moving from one chair to another or reaching above their heads. Many patients also experience symptoms when stationary or even while lying down. Symptoms present in various degrees of severity depending on the patient. POTS is a serious, though non-life threatening, medical condition that can be severely disabling and debilitating. Many patients are unable to attend school or work, and especially severe cases can completely incapacitate the patient.

Potassium aggravated myotonia

Potassium aggravated myotonia: A rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability to relax muscles after movement. There is no associated weakness and the duration, frequency and severity of the episodes is variable.

Potato nose

Synonyms: rum nose, rhinophyma, rum-blossom, hammer nose, copper nose, toper's nose, potato nose, hypertrophic rosacea, brandy nose enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol

Potocki-Lupski syndrome

Potocki-Lupski Syndrome (PTLS) is a recently discovered condition linked to a microduplication of chromosome 17p11.2..All reported cases have occurred sporadically without bias in the parental origin of rearrangements. Most duplications are 3.7 Mb in size and only identifiable by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Approximately 60% of PTLS patients harbor a microduplication of chromosome 17p11.2 

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: A very rare syndrome caused by the absence of a portion of chromosome 11p and characterized mainly by bone growths, enlarged fontanel and parietal foramina.

Potter disease type 1

Type I is due to autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), which occurs at a frequency of approximately one in 16,000 infants. The kidneys of the fetus/neonate will be enlarged, have many small cysts filled with fluid and will fail to produce an adequate volume of fetal urine. The liver and pancreas of the fetus may also show fibrosis and/or a cystic change.

Potter disease- type 3

Type III is due to Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) linked to mutations in the genes PKD1 and PKD2. While ADPKD is considered to be an adult-onset polycytic kidney disease, it can also present in the fetus and neonate in rare cases. Like ARPKD, ADPKD can also present with hepatic cysts and an enlarged spleen. An increased prevalence of vascular disease is also observed in these cases of ADPKD.

Powell Buist Stenzel syndrome

Powell-Buist-Stenzel syndrome: A rare syndrome inherited in a X-linked manner and characterized by diarrhea , endocrine disease and severe infections during infancy which lead to death. The condition is possibly due to an overactive immune system.

Powell Chandra Saal syndrome

Powell-Chandra-Saal syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by webbed joints and heart, vertebral, ear and radial defects.

Powell Venencie Gordon syndrome

Powell-Venencie-Gordon syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by thickened skin on the palms and soles as well as spastic paralysis.

Poxviridae disease

Poxviruses (members of the family Poxviridae) are viruses that can, as a family, infect both vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Four genera of poxviruses may infect humans: orthopox, parapox, yatapox, molluscipox. Orthopox: variola virus, vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus, smallpox (eradicated); Parapox: orf virus, pseudocowpox, bovine papular stomatitis virus; Yatapox: tanapox virus, yaba monkey tumor virus; Molluscipox: molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). The most common are vaccinia (seen on Indian subcontinent) and molluscum contagiousum, but monkeypox infections are rising (seen in west and central African rainforest countries).

Prader-Willi syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic condition that affects many parts of the body. Infants with PWS have severe hypotonia (low muscle tone), feeding difficulties, and slow growth. In later infancy or early childhood, affected children typically begin to eat excessively and become obese. Other signs and symptoms often include short stature, hypogonadism, developmental delays, cognitive impairment, and distinctive behavioral characteristics such as temper tantrums, stubbornness, and obsessive-compulsive tendencies. PWS is caused by missing or non-working genes on chromosome 15. Most cases are not inherited and occur randomly. Rarely, a genetic change responsible for PWS can be inherited. Management of PWS generally depends on the affected person's age and symptoms.

Prata Libéral Gonçalves syndrome

Prata liberal goncalves syndrome: Another name for Brachydactyly - scoliosis - carpal fusion (or close medical condition association). Brachydactyly - scoliosis - carpal fusion: A rare genetic disorder characterized by short fingers and toes, scoliosis (curved spine) and fused hand bones.

Preaxial polydactyly colobomata mental retardation

Preaxial polydactyly colobomata mental retardation: Another name for Pfeiffer-Mayer syndrome (or close medical condition association). Pfeiffer-Mayer syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by mental retardation, colobomata and an extra thumb.

Precocious myoclonic encephalopathy

Precocious myoclonic encephalopathy: An early-onset form of myoclonic seizures. It is caused by brain abnormalities due to such things as brain malformations and inborn errors of metabolism.

Precocious puberty

Precocious puberty (Latin: pubertas praecox) is an unusually early onset of puberty, the process of sexual maturation triggered by the brain or exogenous chemicals, which usually begins in late childhood and results in reproductive maturity and completion of growth. Early puberty may be a variation of normal development, or may be a result of a disease or abnormal hormone exposure. In some contexts, the term is used more broadly to describe the early appearance of any of the physical features of puberty even if the complete brain-directed process is not occurring.

Preeclampsia

Pre-eclampsia (US: preeclampsia, priːɛ'klæmpsia, from Greek eklampsia, to shine forth, term used by Hippocrates to suggest a sudden development) is a medical condition where hypertension arises in pregnancy (pregnancy-induced hypertension) in association with significant amounts of protein in the urine. Because pre-eclampsia refers to a set of symptoms rather than any causative factor, it is established that there are many different causes for the syndrome. It also appears likely that there is a substance or substances from the placenta that may cause endothelial dysfunction in the maternal blood vessels of susceptible women. While blood pressure elevation is the most visible sign of the disease, it involves generalized damage to the maternal endothelium and kidneys and liver, with the release of vasopressive factors only secondary to the original damage. Pre-eclampsia may develop from 20 weeks gestation (it is considered early onset before 32 weeks, which is associated with increased morbidity) and its progress differs among patients; most cases are diagnosed pre-term. Apart from abortion, Caesarean section, or induction of labor, and therefore delivery of the placenta, there is no known cure. It may also occur up to six weeks post-partum. It is the most common of the dangerous pregnancy complications; it may affect both the mother and the fetus.

Premature ovarian failure POF (Hypergonadotropic ovarian failure)

Premature ovarian failure is a rare disorder where the ovaries fail to function prematurely. Ovarian failure can occur in the 20's or 30's. Normal ovarian failure occurs during menopause. Premature ovarian failure can be caused by a genetic mutation and can occur sporadically or in a familial pattern.

Presbycusis

Alternative Names: Hearing loss - age related; Presbycusis Age-related hearing loss, or presbycusis, is the slow loss of hearing that occurs as people get older.

Primary agammaglobulinemia

Primary agammaglobulinemia: A genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency of antibodies due to abnormal development of B lymphocytes.

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM, or PAME) is a disease of the central nervous system caused by infection from an amoeba such as Naegleria fowleri or Balamuthia mandrillaris.

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: Inflammation of blood vessels that affect the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). There are three main types within this category: benign angiitis of the central nervous system (BACNS), granulomatous angiitis of the central nervous system (GACNS) and atypical primary angiitis of the central nervous system (atypical ACNS). Symptoms vary depending on which particular type is involved and which part of the central nervous system is involved.

Primary biliary cholangitis