Diseases

Osteomalacia

Osteomalacia is the general term for the softening of the bones due to defective bone mineralization. Osteomalacia in children is known as rickets, and because of this, osteomalacia is often restricted to the milder, adult form of the disease. It may show signs as diffuse body pains, muscle weakness, and fragility of the bones. A common cause of the disease is a deficiency in Vitamin D, which is normally obtained from the diet and/or sunlight exposure.

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an infection in a bone. Infections can reach a bone by traveling through the bloodstream or spreading from nearby tissue. Osteomyelitis can also begin in the bone itself if an injury exposes the bone to germs.

In children, osteomyelitis most commonly affects the long bones of the legs and upper arm, while adults are more likely to develop osteomyelitis in the bones that make up the spine (vertebrae). People who have diabetes may develop osteomyelitis in their feet if they have foot ulcers.

Osteonecrosis

It is the death of bone tissue due to a lack of blood supply. Also called osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis can lead to tiny breaks in the bone and the bone's eventual collapse.

The blood flow to a section of bone can be interrupted if the bone is fractured or the joint becomes dislocated. Avascular necrosis is also associated with long-term use of high-dose steroid medications and excessive alcohol intake.

Anyone can be affected by avascular necrosis. However, it's most common in people between the ages of 30 and 60. Because of this relatively young age range, avascular necrosis can have significant long-term consequences.

Osteonecrosis can be in one or several bones. It is most common in the upper leg. Other common sites are your upper arm and your knees, shoulders and ankles. The disease can affect men and women of any age, but it is mention above it usually strikes in thirties, forties or fifties.

Osteopathia striata with cranial sclerosis

A rare disorder characterized by striations along most long bones as well as increased bone density in the skull which is associated with various craniofacial defects.

Osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis is a rare congenital disorder (present at birth) in which the bones become overly dense. This results from an imbalance between the formation of bone and the breakdown of the bone. There are several types of osteopetrosis of varying severity. Symptoms can include fractures, frequent infections, blindness, deafness, and strokes. Osteopetrosis is also known as Albers-Schonberg Disease, Generalized Congenital Osteosclerosis, Ivory Bones, Marble Bones, Osteosclerosis Fragilis Generalisata

source osteopetrosis

Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1

A very rare dominantly inherited syndrome characterized mainly by increased bone density. The increased bone density results because old bone is not resorbed and replaced with new bone. Only 33 cases in 3 families have been reported. In type I, the increased bone density occurs throughout the body with the skull being the most affected. There is no associated increase in risk of fractures. Many cases are asymptomatic.

Osteopoikilosis

A rare genetic bone disorder characterized by small areas of denser than normal bone which normally produces no symptoms.

Osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome

A rare genetic disorder characterized by early onset of osteoporosis (during childhood) and loss of vision resulting from retinal detachment due to a retinal pseudoglioma (inflammatory eye condition).

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer where cancer cells form in bone tissue, specifically from osteoblasts (cells that make new bone). It’s the most common primary malignant bone tumor, though still relatively rare, accounting for a small percentage of all cancers. Osteosarcoma typically affects the long bones of the arms and legs, particularly near the knee. It’s most common in adolescents and young adults but can occur in older individuals as well. 

osteosarcoma, limb anomalies, and erythroid macrocytosis

OSLAM syndrome (osteosarcoma, limb anomalies, and erythroid macrocytosis with megaloblastic marrow syndrome) is characterised by the association of osteosarcoma, limb anomalies (clinodactyly with brachymesophalangy, bilateral radioulnar synostosis and absence of one digital ray of the foot) and red cell macrocytosis without anaemia. It has been described in three out of nine children from one family. Autosomal dominant inheritance was suggested.

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Oto-Palatal-digital syndrome

A very rare syndrome characterized a variety of abnormalities including skeletal anomalies, distinctive face and cleft palate. There are two types of the disorder (type 1 and 2) with type 2 being more severe.

Oto-Palato-digital syndrome type 1

Otopalatodigital syndrome type 1 is a disorder primarily involving abnormalities in skeletal development. It is a member of a group of related conditions called otopalatodigital spectrum disorders, which also includes otopalatodigital syndrome type 2, frontometaphyseal dysplasia, and Melnick-Needles syndrome. In general, these disorders involve hearing loss caused by malformations in the tiny bones in the ears (ossicles), problems in the development of the roof of the mouth (palate), and skeletal abnormalities involving the fingers and/or toes (digits).

Oto-palato-digital syndrome- type 2

Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 is a disorder involving abnormalities in skeletal development and other health problems. It is a member of a group of related conditions called otopalatodigital spectrum disorders, which also includes otopalatodigital syndrome type 1, frontometaphyseal dysplasia, and Melnick-Needles syndrome. In general, these disorders involve hearing loss caused by malformations in the tiny bones in the ears (ossicles), problems in the development of the roof of the mouth (palate), and skeletal abnormalities involving the fingers and/or toes (digits). Otopalatodigital syndrome type 2 also tends to cause problems in other areas of the body, such as the brain and heart.

Otodental dysplasia

A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by ear and tooth abnormalities. The back teeth are large and have bulbous crowns without the normal grooves and features.