Diseases

Cryofibrinogenemia

Cryofibrinogenemia: A rare condition where a blood protein precipitates when it cools and then redissolves once it is warmed again. The disorder can occur for no apparent reason or may be associated with conditions such as cancer, infections and blood clotting disorders. Some sufferers are asymptomatic whereas other develop thrombosis or skin symptoms in response to exposure to cold.

Cryoglobulinemia – essential mixed

Cryoglobulinemia is a medical condition that is caused by proteins called cryoglobulins, which are present in the blood. Cryoglobulins are abnormal proteins that by definition have the unusual property of precipitating from the serum specimen when it is chilled in the laboratory and redissolving into the serum upon rewarming. Cryoglobulins may or may not be causing disease. Cryoglobulins can accompany another condition (such as dermatomyositis, multiple myeloma, or lymphoma) or be an isolated condition themselves, called cryoglobulinemia.

Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis is a chronic, subacute to acute pulmonary, systemic or meningitic disease, initiated by the inhalation of basidiospores and/or desiccated yeast cells of Cryptococcus neoformans. Primary pulmonary infections have no diagnostic symptoms and are usually subclinical. On dissemination, the fungus usually shows a predilection for the central nervous system, however skin, bones and other visceral organs may also become involved. Although C. neoformans is regarded as the principle pathogenic species, C. albidus and C. laurentii have on occasion also been implicated in human infection.

source: mycology

Cryptogenic organized pneumopathy

Cryptogenic organized pneumopathy (medical condition): Inflammation of lung tissue (bronchioles and surrounding tissue) which may occur on its own or as a result of other conditions such as certain infections.

Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis, is a parasitic disease caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium. It affects the distal small intestine and can affect the respiratory tract in both immunocompetent (i.e., individuals with a normal functioning immune system) and immunocompromised (e.g., persons with HIV/AIDS) individuals, resulting in watery diarrhea with or without an unexplained cough. In immunocompromised individuals, the symptoms are particularly severe and can be fatal. It is primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water.

In most healthy people, cryptosporidium infection produces a bout of watery diarrhea and the infection usually goes away within a week or two. If you have a compromised immune system, a cryptosporidium infection can become life-threatening without proper treatment.

You can help prevent a cryptosporidium infection by practicing good hygiene and avoiding swallowing water from pools, recreational water parks, lakes and streams.

Crystal deposit disease

Crystal deposit disease: A group of diseases characterized by the deposit of crystals in body tissues. Some examples of such disorders includes scleroderma, dermatomyositis, arthritis and kidney disease. The severity and type of symptoms depend on the nature and location of the crystals deposited.

Culler Jones syndrome

Culler-Jones syndrome: A very rare syndrome characterized mainly by hypopituitarism (low pituitary hormone level) which affects other hormone levels and an extra little finger.

Cushing’s syndrome

Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of cortisol (a hormone produced by the adrenal gland). It most commonly affects adults between age 20 and 50 years. Signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome include upper body obesity, fatigue, muscle weakness, high blood pressure, backache, high blood sugar, easy bruising and bluish-red stretch marks on the skin. Affected women may also experience irregular menstrual periods and increased growth of body and facial hair. This condition may be caused by a variety of factors including long-term use of corticosteroid medications, tumors in the pituitary gland or adrenal adenomas. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may include decreasing the dosage of corticosteroids or surgery to remove tumors.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) are a group of disorders characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cancerous T-cells (a type of white blood cells) in the skin resulting in an itchy, red rash that can thicken or form a tumor. CTCLs belong to a larger group of disorders known as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The most common types are mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. In some cases, cancerous T-cells may spread to the lymph nodes and eventually to other body tissues and organs, potentially resulting in life-threatening complications. The specific signs and symptoms vary from person to person. The exact cause of these conditions is unknown.

Cutaneous vascularitis

Cutaneous vascularitis: Inflammation of blood vessels in the skin which can have any of a variety of causes such as infections or drugs.

Cutis gyrata acanthosis nigricans craniosynostosis

This syndrome is characterised by craniofacial and ear defects, skin anomalies consisting of cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, and skin tags, anogenital anomalies, and prominent umbilical stump. It has been described in 6 cases. The skin furrows have a corrugated appearance and are widespread. Cutis gyrata variably affects the scalp, forehead, face, preauricular area, neck, trunk, palms and soles, and in one case partly labia majora

Cutis laxa

Cutis laxa: A connective tissue disorder which may be acquired or present at birth. It is characterized by slack or loose skin which may be thicker and darker than normal.

Cutis laxa corneal clouding mental retardation

Cutis laxa corneal clouding mental retardation (medical condition): A rare inherited disorder characterized by loose, inelastic skin, involuntary limb movements, cloudy corneas and other abnormalities.

Cutis laxa osteoporosis

Cutis laxa - osteoporosis: A very rare disorder characterized mainly by loose skin and osteoporosis. The bones are so weak they fracture easily during infancy and can result in bone deformity

Cutis laxa- dominant type

Cutis laxa, dominant type: A dominantly inherited form of cutis laxa which is characterized by loose, inelastic skin. The skin changes may begin at any age.

Cutis laxa- recessive

Cutis laxa, recessive: A recessively inherited form of cutis laxa which is characterized by loose, inelastic skin and is often associated with other serious internal disorders.

Cyclosporiasis

Cyclosporiasis refers to infection by the spore-forming protozoan known as Cyclospora. Protozoa are a group of parasites that infect the human intestine. Parasites are organisms that live in another body, called the host, and get food and liquids from that host. This parasite is a member of the group of protozoa known as coccidia, to which Cryptosporidia also belongs. This group of parasites infects the human intestine, and causes chronic recurrent infections in those with altered immunity or AIDS.

Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome

Cyprus facial neuromusculoskeletal syndrome: A rare inherited syndrome characterized by variable neurological, muscular and skeletal abnormalities as well as a characteristic face.

Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung

Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung: A rare birth condition where the lungs fail to develop normally during the fetal stage and cysts form in parts of the lung instead of normal alveolar tissue.

Cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease characterized by the buildup of thick, sticky mucus that can damage many of the body's organs. The disorder's most common signs and symptoms include progressive damage to the respiratory system and chronic digestive system problems. The features of the disorder and their severity varies among affected individuals.

Mucus is a slippery substance that lubricates and protects the linings of the airways, digestive system, reproductive system, and other organs and tissues. In people with cystic fibrosis, the body produces mucus that is abnormally thick and sticky. This abnormal mucus can clog the airways, leading to severe problems with breathing and bacterial infections in the lungs. These infections cause chronic coughing, wheezing, and inflammation. Over time, mucus buildup and infections result in permanent lung damage, including the formation of scar tissue (fibrosis) and cysts in the lungs.

Most people with cystic fibrosis also have digestive problems. Some affected babies have meconium ileus, a blockage of the intestine that occurs shortly after birth. Other digestive problems result from a buildup of thick, sticky mucus in the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ that produces insulin (a hormone that helps control blood sugar levels). It also makes enzymes that help digest food. In people with cystic fibrosis, mucus blocks the ducts of the pancreas, reducing the production of insulin and preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the intestines to aid digestion. Problems with digestion can lead to diarrhea, malnutrition, poor growth, and weight loss. In adolescence or adulthood, a shortage of insulin can cause a form of diabetes known as cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus (CFRDM).

Cystic hygroma

A cystic hygroma is congenital multiloculated lymphatic lesion that can arise anywhere, but is classically found in the left posterior triangle of the neck.