Diseases

Insulin-resistance type B

Insulin-resistance type B: A very rare syndrome where insulin resistance is associated with autoimmune disease. The disorder is caused by antibodies which attack the bodies insulin receptors.

Insulinoma

Insulinoma is form of endocrine pancreatic cancer that usually causes the pancreas to produce too much insulin, leading to the "opposite of diabetes" with conditions such as clinical hypoglycemia.

Interferon gamma- receptor deficiency

Interferon gamma receptor (IFNg) deficiency (medical condition): A rare form of primary immunodeficiency which results in a high risk of severe, recurring infections such as mycobacterial infections.

The functional Interferon gamma receptor is composed of two 90 kDa IFNgR1 proteins and two 62 kDa IFNgR2 proteins . The human IFNgR1 gene contains seven exons, and is located on chromosome 6. The extracellular portion of IFNgR1 contains the IFNg ligand-binding domain; the intracellular portion contains domains necessary for signal transduction and receptor recycling. The IFNgR2 gene also contains seven exons, and is located on human chromosome 21. The intracellular IFNgR2 domain is necessary for signal transduction.

The disease occur as a result of mutation in either the IFNgR1 or the IFNgR2 proteins.

Internal carotid agenesis

Internal carotid agenesis: A very rare malformation where the carotid artery fails to develop. Other brain blood vessels enlarge to try to compensate for the defect and this leads to compression of parts of the brain which can cause neurological symptoms. The severity of symptoms is determined by how well the existing brain blood vessels are able to compensate for the absence of the carotid artery.

Intervertebral disc disease

Intervertebral disc disease: Degenerative changes in the discs located between vertebrae. The severity of the disorder is variable.

Intestinal atresia multiple

Intestinal atresia multiple (medical condition): A rare birth malformation where the intestines are closed off or absent.

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (false blockage) is a condition that causes symptoms like those of a bowel obstruction (blockage).

Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic

Intestinal pseudoobstruction chronic idiopathic: A digestive disorder where the intestines are unable to contract normally and push food through the digestive system. This results in symptoms similar to an obstruction and hence the name pseudoobstruction. The condition has no obvious cause.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts

Intracranial arachnoid cysts: A rare disorder involving a fluid-filled cysts on the arachnoid membrane which is one of the thin layers of tissue that form a membrane which covers the brain. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the size and location of the cyst.

Intracranial arteriovenous malformation

Intracranial arteriovenous malformation: A congenital malformation where there is an opening that connects an artery with a vein inside the brain. Severity of symptoms is determined by the extent of the malformation.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in the cells within the bile ducts; both inside and outside the liver. The terms cholangiocarinoma and bile duct cancer are often used to refer to the same condition. This condition occurs slightly more often in males than females and usually affects people who are between 50-70 years old.

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP), also termed Obstetric Cholestasis in the United Kingdom, is a reversible form of cholestasis, a liver disorder that occurs in pregnant women. ICP gives rise to troublesome itching during pregnancy but may lead to possibly serious complications for the mother and very serious outcomes for the fetus. Itching has long been considered to be a common symptom of pregnancy. The vast majority of times, itching, or pruritus is a minor annoyance caused by changes to the skin, especially that of the abdomen.

Cholestasis is a condition that impairs the release of a digestive fluid called bile from liver cells. As a result, bile builds up in the liver, impairing liver function. Because the problems with bile release occur within the liver (intrahepatic), the condition is described as intrahepatic cholestasis. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy usually becomes apparent in the third trimester of pregnancy and recurs in 45 to 70% of subsequent pregnancies. Bile flow returns to normal after delivery of the baby, and the signs and symptoms of the condition disappear. However, they can return during later pregnancies.

Intraocular melanoma

Intraocular melanoma: A type of cancer that develops from pigment producing cells in the eye. The cancer can occur in the iris, choroids or ciliary body. The melanoma may metastasize in some cases. The condition is often asymptomatic.

Intrathoracic kidney vertebral fusion

Intrathoracic kidney - vertebral fusion: A very rare disorder characterized by fused vertebrae, extra ribs and displacement of kidneys into the chest cavity.

Intrauterine infections

Intrauterine infections: Infection of the fetus while still inside the womb. The type and severity of symptoms is determined by the type of infection and at what stage of pregnancy it occurs. Some cases are mild enough to be asymptomatic and others are severe enough to cause a miscarriage.

Intrinsic factor- congenital deficiency of

Intrinsic factor, congenital deficiency of: A very rare disorder where a deficiency of a protein called intrinsic factor prevents vitamin B12 from being absorbed from the stomach. Thus, vitamin B12 deficiency occurs which leads to anemia.

Iodine antenatal infection

Iodine antenatal infection: Excessive fetal exposure to iodine which can destroy part or all of the thyroid gland.

IRAK4 deficiency

IRAK4 deficiency (medical condition): Susceptibility to infection as a result of a genetic defect which affects immunity. Infections tend to be severe and can be life-threatening.

Iridocyclitis

Iridocyclitis, a type of anterior uveitis, is a condition in which the uvea of the eye suffers inflammation.

Iridogoniodysgenesis type1

Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type (type 1, IRID1) refers to a spectrum of diseases characterized by malformations of the irido-corneal angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. Iridogoniodysgenesis is the result of abnormal migration or terminal induction of neural crest cells. These cells lead to formation of most of the anterior segment structures of the eye (corneal stroma & endothelium, iris stroma, trabeculum).

Iridogoniodysgenesis- dominant type

Iridogoniodysgenesis, dominant type (type 1, IRID1) refers to a spectrum of diseases characterized by malformations of the irido-corneal angle of the anterior chamber of the eye. Iridogoniodysgenesis is the result of abnormal migration or terminal induction of neural crest cells. These cells lead to formation of most of the anterior segment structures of the eye (corneal stroma & endothelium, iris stroma, trabeculum).