Oligodendroglioma
Overview
Oligodendrogliomas are a type of glioma that are believed to originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell. They occur primarily in adults (9.4% of all primary brain and central nervous system tumors) but are also found in children (4% of all primary brain tumors). The average age at diagnosis is 35 years
Symptoms
* Sensation changes * Movement changes * Symptoms depend on the location of tumor * Raised intracranial pressure - usually developing slowly o Headache
Diagnosis
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic tool, although computed tomography (CT) is important as well to document whether calcifications exist. * An actual tissue biopsy is typically required for definitive diagnosis in nearly all cases.
Treatment
Treatment options depend on the grade of the tumor. If the tumor is low grade and symptoms are not severe, the doctor may decide to perform surgery, then “watch and wait” and evaluate tumor growth through MRIs. There is a malignant form called anaplastic oligodendroglioma and a mixed malignant astrocytoma-oligodendroglioma. The common treatment for these high-grade tumors is surgery followed by radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Both low- and high-grade oligodendrogliomas can recur. If a tumor recurs, the doctor will evaluate it for a second surgical procedure, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. Gene expression studies are used to classify gliomas based on certain characteristics, or genetic profiles. Oligodendrogliomas can be identified by deficiencies in certain chromosomes named 1p and 19q. Genetic profiling of oligodendrogliomas provides a more accurate predictor of prognosis and treatment options than does standard pathology.