Duane-radial ray syndrome
Overview
Duane-radial ray syndrome: A very rare inherited disorder characterized by impaired control of eye movement and bone abnormalities in the hands and feet
Symptoms
* Inability to look inwards towards nose * Inability to look outwards towards ears * Narrowing of eyes when looking inwards * Retraction of eyeball when looking inwards * Absent thumbs
Diagnosis
1. Conductivehearing loss 1. Externalauditory canal disorders 1. Atresia of external auditory canal 2. Impacted cerumen 3. Otitis externa 4. Exostosis 5. Masses 2. Middle ear disorders 1. Acuteand chronic otitis media 2. Otitis media with effusion 3. Tympanic membrane perforation 4. Hemotympanum 5. Tympanosclerosis 6. Ossicular chain defect, disruption,or fixation 7. Cholesteatoma and other middle earmasses 2. Sensorineural hearing loss 1. Sensorineuralhearing loss without associated abnormalities 2. Sensorineural hearing loss with associatedabnormalities 3. Chromosomal disorders 4. Inner ear malformations 1. Labyrinthineaplasia 2. Common cavity malformation 3. Cochlear malformations 4. Large vestibular aqueduct 5. Prematurity 6. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 7. Bilirubin encephalopathy (kernicterus) 8. Infection 9. Trauma 10. Drugs 11. Perilymph fistula 12. Neoplasm 13. Ménière disease 14. Unknown 3. Mixed hearing loss